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Inicio Cirugía Española Tratamiento quirúrgico tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el cáncer de mama op...
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Vol. 74. Issue 6.
Pages 325-329 (December 2003)
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Vol. 74. Issue 6.
Pages 325-329 (December 2003)
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Tratamiento quirúrgico tras quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el cáncer de mama operable: once años de experiencia
Surgical treatment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: An eleven-year experience
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Vicente Plaa,1
Corresponding author
vplamarti@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Dr. V. Pla. Avda. Primado Reig, 1895 A. 46020 Valencia. España.
, Elvira Bucha, Manuel Muñoza, Cristina Fernándeza, María José Safonta, Antonio Galána, Vicente Ginera, José Vicente Roigb
a Servicio de Oncología Médica. Hospital de Sagunto. Sagunto.
b Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo. Hospital de Sagunto. Sagunto. España.
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Article information
Resumen
Introducción

El objetivo del estudio ha sido evaluar el tratamiento conservador tras la quimioterapia de inducción y analizar los resultados obtenidos tras 11 años de experiencia con la neoadyuvancia en el cáncer de mama.

Pacientes y método

Se administró quimioterapia de inducción a las pacientes con cáncer de mama no metastásico con tumores mayores de 3 cm. Se indicó tratamiento conservador en las pacientes con un tamaño tumoral ??3 cm y en las que no existieran contraindicaciones.

Resultados

Entre enero de 1990 y diciembre del 2000 se administró quimioterapia de inducción a 146 pacientes. El tamaño tumoral medio fue de 5,14 cm, que pasó a ser de 2,8 cm tras la inducción (p < 0,05). La respuesta a la quimioterapia fue completa en el 10% de las pacientes y parcial en el 75%; el 15% restante no respondió. Se realizó tratamiento quirúrgico conservador en el 31% de los casos (el 55% de los que estaban en estadio IIa, el 31% de los de estadio IIb, el 19% de los de estadio IIIa y el 3% de los de estadio IIIb). En los tumores menores de 5 cm sin afección ganglionar fue más factible el tratamiento conservador (p < 0,05). Tras un seguimiento medio de 44,4 meses, 34 pacientes (23%) desarrollaron metástasis y 4 (2,7%) recurrencia local. Las pacientes con tumores mayores de 5 cm y afección axilar tras la quimioterapia presentaron enfermedad metastásica con más frecuencia (p < 0,05).

Conclusión

La quimioterapia preoperatoria reduce significativamente el tamaño tumoral y permite el tratamiento quirúrgico conservador con un riesgo bajo de recidiva local. La afección axilar y el tamaño tumoral ral tras la inducción son importantes factores de pronóstico.

Palabras clave:
Carcinoma de mama
Quimioterapia neoadyuvante
Tratamiento conservador
Factores de pronóstico
Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate conservative treatment after induction chemotherapy and to analyze the results obtained after 11 years’ experience with neoadjuvant therapy in breast cancer.

Patients and method

Induction chemotherapy was administered to patients with non-metastatic breast cancer and tumors of more than 3 cm. Conservative treatment was indicated in patients with a tumoral size less than or equal to 3 cm and without contraindications.

Results

Between January 1990 and December 2000, induction therapy was administered to 146 patients. The mean tumoral size was 5.14 cm and was 2.8 cm after induction (p < 0.05). Response to chemotherapy was complete in 10% of the patients and partial in 75%. No response was obtained in 15%. Conservative surgical treatment was performed in 31% of the patients (55% of those with IIa, 31% of those with IIb, 19% of those with IIIa and 3% of those with IIIb). In tumors of less than 5 cm without lymph node involvement, conservative treatment was more feasible (p < 0.05). After a mean follow-up of 44.4 months, 34 patients (23%) developed metastases and 4 (2.7%) had local recurrence. Patients with tumors or more than 5 cm and axillary involvement after chemotherapy more frequently presented metastases (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Preoperative chemotherapy significantly reduces tumoral size, allowing conservative surgical treatment with a low risk of local recurrence. Axillary involvement and tumoral size after induction are important prognostic factors.

Key words:
Breast carcinoma
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Conservative treatment
Prognostic factors
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