Article information
Abstract
Despite the advances in surgical techniques and anaesthesia, there are still a significant number of postoperative complications in surgery, the most common being, surgical wound infections, sepsis, respiratory and cardiovascular complications, and thromboembolic events. All of these complications increase hospital stay, health costs and mortality. Different pharmacological perioperative strategies have been employed to reduce their incidence, but these have varied widely between hospitals, and even among professionals in the same hospital. In this article we review the recommendations of clinical practice guidelines on the medication routinely used in this situation, such as antibiotics, antithrombotics, analgesics and antiemetics.
Keywords:
Perioperative care
Prevention and control
Practice guidelines
Antibiotic prophylaxis
Venous thrombosis
Pain
Postoperative nausea and vomiting
Resumen
A pesar de los avances en las técnicas quirúrgicas y en la anestesia, todavía se produce un número significativo de complicaciones en el postoperatorio de la cirugía mayor. Las más frecuentes son las infecciones de la herida quirúrgica, la sepsis, las complicaciones cardiovasculares y respiratorias y los fenómenos tromboembólicos. La aparición de estas complicaciones aumenta la estancia hospitalaria, los costes sanitarios y la mortalidad. Para reducir su incidencia, se han introducido diferentes estrategias farmacológicas perioperatorias que, sin embargo, han estado sometidas a una gran variabilidad de unos hospitales a otros e incluso entre los profesionales de un mismo centro. En el presente artículo se revisan las recomendaciones de las guías de práctica clínica más establecidas sobre la medicación habitualmente empleada en esta situación, como los antibióticos, antitrombóticos, analgésicos y antieméticos.
Palabras clave:
Cuidados perioperatorios
Profilaxis
Guías de práctica clínica
Profilaxis antibiótica
Trombosis venosa
Dolor
Náuseas y vómitos postoperatorios
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