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Vol. 87. Issue 5.
Pages 273-281 (May 2010)
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Vol. 87. Issue 5.
Pages 273-281 (May 2010)
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Current indications, surgical technique and results of anterior sphincter repair as a treatment of faecal incontinence
Indicacion actual, técnica quirúrgica y resultados de la reparación anterior esfinteriana en el tratamiento de la incontinencia fecal
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Dimitri Dorcaratto, Miquel Martínez-Vilalta, David Parés
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dpares@imas.imim.es

Corresponding author.
Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal, Hospital Universitari del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

Faecal incontinence is a high prevalence disease in the general population. This pathology is commonly under-estimated and causes a great impact on clinical status and on the quality of life of affected patients. The prevalence of faecal incontinence in several studies has been estimated between 2% and 15% of the general population. The prevalence increases if we study selected populations, such as elderly people. The main cause of faecal incontinence is obstetric anal sphincter damage. In the past years, the presence of incontinence due to sphincter lesions, especially the obstetric ones, was an absolute indication of anterior anal sphincter repair. Actually, after knowing the long term follow up results of this technique, as well as the evolving knowledge on faecal incontinence and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, this technique might be selected for cases with large sphincter defects. However there is limited information in the current literature on indications, surgical technique and results of anterior sphincter repair. The aim of this review is to analyse scientific evidence on current indications, surgical technique features and results of anterior sphincter repair as a therapy for faecal incontinence, also giving our point of view on controversial issues. A bibliography search was undertaken using Medline database including articles published from January 1985 to January 2009.

Keywords:
Faecal incontinence
Anterior sphincter repair
Sphincteroplasty
Results
Resumen

La incontinencia fecal es una enfermedad de elevada prevalencia en la población general. Esta enfermedad, comúnmente subestimada, provoca un gran impacto clínico y en la calidad de vida en los pacientes afectados. Varios trabajos han comunicado una prevalencia de esta enfermedad de entre el 2 y el 15% de la población general, con cifras mucho mayores cuando se refiere a poblaciones seleccionadas, como por ejemplo pacientes con edad avan-zada. La causa más frecuente de esta enfermedad es la lesión del aparato esfinteriano anal de origen obstétrico. Clásicamente, la presencia de incontinencia fecal debida a lesiones esfinterianas, sobre todo de origen obstétrico en la mujer, era una indicación indiscutible de reparación anterior del esfínter. Actualmente, después de conocer los resultados a largo plazo de esta técnica, junto a los avances en el conocimiento de la incontinencia fecal y al desarrollo de nuevas técnicas diagnósticas y terapéuticas, esta intervención parece estar indicada para casos más seleccionados con defectos amplios. A pesar de esto, existe escasa literatura médica actualizada sobre estas nuevas indicaciones y sus resultados. El objetivo de este trabajo es exponer la evidencia científica existente en cuanto a la indicación actual, los aspectos de la técnica quirúrgica y los resultados de la reparación anterior esfinteriana en el tratamiento de la incontinencia fecal, y aportar también nuestro especial punto de vista en los aspectos controvertidos. Para esto, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de la base de datos Medline en la que incluimos artículos publicados entre enero de 1985 y enero de 2009.

Palabras clave:
Incontinencia fecal
Reparación anterior del esfínter anal
Esfinteroplastia
Resultados
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