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Inicio Cirugía Española (English Edition) Preoperative management of patients with oesophageal cancer: expert recommendati...
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Special article
Pre-proof, online 19 December 2024
Preoperative management of patients with oesophageal cancer: expert recommendations
Manejo preoperatorio de los pacientes con cáncer de esófago: recomendaciones de expertos
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Marcos Bruna Estebana,
Corresponding author
drbruna@comv.es

Corresponding author.
, Rocío Pérez Quinterob, M. Asunción Acosta Méridac, Aitana García Tejerod, group of experts 1
a Unidad de Cirugía Esofagogástrica y Carcinomatosis Peritoneal, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Hospital Quirón Salud, Huelva, Spain
c Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Dr. Negrín, Gran Canaria, Spain
d Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario San Pedro, Logroño, Spain
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Abstract

The aim of this work is to establish recommendations for the preoperative evaluation and selection of patients with malignant oesophageal neoplasms, who are candidates for surgical resection with curative intent, based on the consensus established by a group of experts.

Using the Delphi methodolgy and after 2 rounds of evaluation, responses were obtained from 37 experts to 47 questions about the preoperative management of oesophageal cancer, considering consensus if there was a mean score greater than 8 (range between 0 to 10).

Of the respondents, 54% were women, with a mean age of 50.2 years, with more than 15 years of average experience in oesophageal surgery. In the preoperative evaluation, agreement was obtained on most of the recommendations, with the indication of a staging laparoscopy being the only one where it was not reached. In the preoperative optimisation, agreement was reached on nutritional, anaemia, physical status, respiratory and comorbidities evaluation, but no agreement was reached on recommending immunonutrition or echocardiography routinely. In the inoperability criteria were included ECOG greater than 1, impaired lung function, and/or Child B or C liver cirrhosis. Agreement was reached on considering unresectable tumors with invasion of the tracheobronchial tract, large vessels, and spinal column, multivisceral metastases, and/or peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Therefore, the recommendations established in this manuscript may be useful to support decision-making in daily clinical practice, with a high degree of consensus that decisions regarding the management of these patients should be made on an individual basis and within a multidisciplinary committee of experts.

Keywords:
Consensus
oesophagectomy
preoperative
recommendations
oesophageal cancer
Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es establecer recomendaciones en la evaluación y selección preoperatoria de pacientes con neoplasias esofágicas malignas, candidatos a una resección quirúrgica con intención curativa, en base al consenso establecido por un grupo de expertos.

Mediante la utilización del método Delphi y tras 2 rondas de evaluación se obtuvieron respuestas de 37 expertos a 47 preguntas acerca del manejo preoperatorio del cáncer esofágico, considerándose consenso si existía una puntuación media mayor de 8 (rango de 0 a 10).

De los encuestados, el 54 % eran mujeres, siendo la edad media del grupo de 50,2 años, con más de 15 años de experiencia media en cirugía esofágica. En la evaluación preoperatoria se obtuvo acuerdo en la mayor parte de recomendaciones, siendo la indicación de una laparoscopia de estadificación la única donde no se alcanzó. En la optimización preoperatoria se estableció acuerdo en la evaluación nutricional, anemia, actividad física y respiratoria y comorbilidades, sin conseguirlo para recomendar la inmunonutrición, una prueba de esfuerzo o ecocardiografía de forma rutinaria. En los criterios de inoperabilidad se recomienda que los pacientes no deban tener un ECOG mayor de 1, una función pulmonar deteriorada y/o una cirrosis hepática Child B o C. Se consigue acuerdo en considerar irresecables tumores con invasión del traqueobronquial, de grandes vasos y columna vertebral, metástasis multiviscerales y/o carcinomatosis peritoneal, individualizando los casos de oligometástasis.

Por tanto, las recomendaciones establecidas en este manuscrito pueden ser de utilidad para el apoyo a la toma de decisiones en la práctica clínica diaria, existiendo un elevado grado de consenso en que las decisiones en torno al manejo de estos pacientes deben realizarse de forma individualizada y en el seno de un comité multidisciplinar de expertos.

Palabras clave:
Consenso
esofaguectomía
preoperatorio
recomendaciones
cáncer esofágico

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