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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Comparación de dos ensayos funcionales del receptor de lipoproteínas de baja d...
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Vol. 14. Issue 3.
Pages 123-134 (January 2002)
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Vol. 14. Issue 3.
Pages 123-134 (January 2002)
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Comparación de dos ensayos funcionales del receptor de lipoproteínas de baja densidad para el diagnóstico de la hipercolesterolemia familiar
Comparison of two funcional ldl-receptor assays for the diagnosis of familiar hypercholesterolemia
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Y. Suáreza, M.A. Lasuncióna,b,
Corresponding author
miguel.a.lasuncion@hrc.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación.Hospital Ramón y Cajal.Ctra. Colmenar, km 9. 28034 Madrid
a Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación. Hospital Ramón y Cajal
b Universidad de Alcalá de Henares. Madrid
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Fundamento

La causa más común de hipercolesterolemia familiar es la deficiencia del receptor de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (rLDL). La determinación de su actividad en el laboratorio es dificultosa, por lo que se rehúye y, en la mayoría de los casos, los criterios clínicos son suficientes para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad. Por otra parte, la búsqueda de mutaciones en el gen del receptor, aunque permite establecer con alta probabilidad de acierto la causa de la enfermedad, puede ser en vano cuando la causa de la hipercolesterolemia no reside en el receptor, por lo que sigue siendo necesaria la caracterización bioquímica del rLDL

Métodos

Con esta finalidad se aislaron células mononucleares de sangre periférica de individuos con hipercolesterolemia, se incubaron en un medio libre de colesterol para estimular máximamente la expresión del rLDL y se determinó la captación de LDL marcadas con el fluorocromo 1,1’-dioctadecil-3,3,3’,3’-tetrametilindocarbocianina (DiI-LDL) mediante citometría de flujo, expresándose los resultados de Bmáx de “captación de DiI-LDL” en porcentaje respecto al control. Al mismo tiempo, se estudió la capacidad de las LDL para revertir la inhibición de la proliferación producida por la lovastatina in vitro, calculándose la “tasa derecuperación por LDL”

Resultados

Cualquiera de los métodos permitió distinguir claramente los pacientes con HF homozigota de los heterozigotos. Estos últimos presentaban disminuidas la “captación de DiI-LDL” (60,3 ± 1,5%) y la “tasa de recuperación por LDL” (56,4 ± 4,5%) con respecto a los controles. En conjunto, ambos parámetros están correlacionados pero existen casos que se alejan de este comportamiento, como los heterozigotos con defecto en la internalización y las alteraciones que no afectan al rLDL

Conclusión

Por tanto, ambos métodos son complementarios y permiten un diagnóstico fiable de la hipercolesterolemia

Palabras clave:
Receptor de LDL
Hipercolesterolemia familiar
Citometría de flujo
DiI
Proliferación celular
Background

LDL receptor (LDLr) deficiency is the most common cause of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The analysis of LDLr activity is time consuming and has many difficulties which, together with that hereditary trait and clinical criteria are often enough for its diagnosis and treatment, are the reasons for not being generally carried out in the laboratory. Identification of mutations in the LDLr gene is valuable and allows to establish the cause of the disease, but it may be in vain if the cause of the hypercholesterolemia does not reside in the LDLr. For this reason, the analysis of LDLr activity is still required for the biochemical characterisation of the disease. With this aim, in the present study we comparatively employed two functional assays for the analysis of the LDLr activity

Methods

Mononuclear cells from patients with hypercolesterolemia were isolated from whole blood and incubated in a cholesterol free medium to maximally stimulate the expression of the LDLr and the uptake of DiI-labelled LDL was analysed by flow cytometry. The results were expressed as “uptake of DiI-LDL” and are given as percent of Bmax of the control. In parallel we also analysed the ability of LDL to prevent the lovastatin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation, and the results were expressed as the “rate of recovery by LDL”

Results

Whichever of the methods employed allowed the clear distinction of patients homozygous from those heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). The latter ones showed an uptake of DiI-LDL (60.3 ± 1.5%) and a rate of recovery (56.4 ± 4.5%) approximately half of those in the controls. In the whole group of individualsstudied, these parameters were well correlated one to each other but there were some exceptions, as an heterozygote with an internalization defect in the LDLr and a case in whom the alteration did not affect the LDLr protein but the intracellular processing of LDL lipids

Conclusions

Thus, both methods are complementary and allow a trustworthy diagnosis of hypercholesterolemia

Key words:
LDL receptor
Familial hypercholesterolemia
Flow cytometry
DiI
Cell proliferation
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Este trabajo ha sido realizado con una ayuda del Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS99/0286).

Copyright © 2002. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis y Elsevier España, S.L.
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