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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Efectos inmunomoduladores de las estatinas
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Vol. 17. Issue S2.
Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas
Pages 1-8 (September 2005)
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Vol. 17. Issue S2.
Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas
Pages 1-8 (September 2005)
Efectos pleiotrópicos de las estatinas
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Efectos inmunomoduladores de las estatinas
Immunomodulatory effects of statins
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X. Pintó
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xpinto@csub.scs.es

Correspondencia: Dr. X. Pintó. Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. Feixa Llarga, s/n. 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
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Las estatinas actúan sobre la síntesis del colesterol, pero también de otras moléculas derivadas del mevalonato relacionadas con la respuesta inmunológica, entre ellas los isoprenoides farnesil y geranilgeranil pirofosfato, que intervienen en la señalización intracelular de respuestas inflamatorias reguladas por las proteínas Ras y Rho. Las estatinas disminuyen la expresión de CD-40 en las células endoteliales y los monocitos de la pared arterial, inhiben la adhesión y la coestimulación de los linfocitos mediada por el antígeno de función leucocitaria, disminuyen la expresión de las moléculas principales del antígeno de histocompatibilidad de clase II y la maduración y la función presentadora de antígenos de las células dendríticas. Estos fármacos se utilizan en la actualidad de manera sistemática en los pacientes con trasplantes cardíacos y su prescripción probablemente aumentará en los próximos años en los pacientes con trasplante de otros órganos. Las estatinas podrían considerarse en la terapia de otras enfermedades de base inmunológica, como la artritis reumatoide y la esclerosis múltiple, el cáncer y las enfermedades infecciosas. En el presente artículo se revisan las evidencias sobre estos aspectos que han aportado los estudios experimentales, clínicos y epidemiológicos.

Palabras clave:
Estatinas
Inmunidad
Cáncer
Trasplante de órganos
Sepsis
Sida
Artritis reumatoide

Statins act on cholesterol synthesis, as well as on the synthesis of other mevalonate-derived molecules involved in immune response; among these are the isoprenoids, farnesil and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, which intervene in intracellular signaling of inflammatory responses regulated by the proteins Ras and Rho. Statins decrease CD-40 expression in endothelial cells and monocytes of the arterial wall, inhibit adhesion and co-stimulation of lymphocytes mediated by leukocyte function antigen, decrease expression of the principal class II histocompatibility antigen molecules, and the maturation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells. Currently, these drugs are routinely used in cardiac transplant recipients and their prescription will probably increase in the next few years in patients undergoing transplantation of other organs. Statins could be considered in the therapy of other diseases with an immunologic basis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, cancer, and infectious diseases. The present article reviews the evidence on these features provided by experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies.

Key words:
Statins
Immunity
Cancer
Organ transplantation
Sepsis
AIDS
Rheumatoid arthritis
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