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Vol. 23. Issue S1.
Grasas de la dieta y salud cardiovascular
Pages 1-36 (March 2011)
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Vol. 23. Issue S1.
Grasas de la dieta y salud cardiovascular
Pages 1-36 (March 2011)
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Grasas de la dieta y salud cardiovascular
Dietary fats and cardiovascular health
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L. Carrillo Fernándeza, J. Dalmau Serrab, J.R. Martínez Álvarezc, R. Solà Alberichd, F. Pérez Jiméneze,
Corresponding author
fperezjimenez@uco.es

Autor para correspondencia.
a Centro de Salud La Victoria de Acentejo, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (semFYC), España
b Unidad de Nutrición y Metabolopatías, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Comité de Nutrición de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (AEP), Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica (AEP/SEGHNP), España
c Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Sociedad Española de Dietética y Ciencias de la Alimentación (SEDCA), España
d Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Universitario San Joan Reus, Universidad Rovira i Virgili y CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital San Joan de Reus, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
e Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, IMIBIC, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía/Universidad de Córdoba y CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, España
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Resumen

La importancia de la grasa en la dieta, y su papel en la prevención cardiovascular es uno de los tópicos nutricionales mejor estudiados y, a pesar de ello, está en continua revisión. Ahora ya conocemos, en especial gracias a los estudios relacionados con la dieta mediterránea, que es más importante la calidad de la grasa que la cantidad de su ingesta. En ese sentido, la grasa saturada y la grasa trans están implicadas en el riesgo aterogénico, por lo que se recomienda que para el diseño de una dieta sana dichos nutrientes se deben sustituir por hidratos de carbono complejos o por grasas insaturadas, manteniendo el consumo de grasa saturada en < 10% y el de trans en < 1% de la ingesta calórica. Estudios poblacionales recientes, en especial el estudio de Kuopio y los trabajos realizados con el modelo de dieta mediterránea, están afianzando cada vez más la importancia de las grasas monoinsaturadas y poliinsaturadas como nutrientes claves para la prevención de las enfermedades crónicas de las sociedades modernas. Por otra parte, un tipo especial de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, los de la serie omega 3 (n-3), están gradualmente convirtiéndose en nutrientes claves de una dieta sana, especialmente en niños. Por ello parece razonable que 4 sociedades, fuertemente implicadas en difundir los beneficios de la dieta como herramienta para prevenir las enfermedades cardiovasculares, desarrollen un consenso para difundir los nuevos conocimientos sobre la importancia de conseguir un aporte equilibrado y adecuado de grasa en la dieta de las poblaciones industrializadas. Esto justifica este documento realizado por un grupo de expertos de la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis, la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, la Asociación Española de Pediatría, la Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica y la Sociedad Española de Dietética y Ciencias de la Alimentación, en un esfuerzo porque resulte un trabajo multidisciplinar, orientado tanto a los adultos como a los niños en distintos tramos de edad.

Palabras clave:
Grasas de la dieta
Ácidos grasos
Monoinsaturados
Ácido linoleico
Margarina
Enfermedades cardiovasculares
Abstract

Although dietary fat and its role in cardiovascular prevention has been one of the most extensively studied nutritional topics, it continues to be an everexpanding research area. Particularly thanks to studies on Mediterranean diet, we now know that fat quality is more relevant than the amount of fat we eat in the diet. Thus, saturated and trans fats have been found to increase the risk of atherogenic disease. This is why it is recommended to substitute complex carbohydrates or unsaturated fat for unsaturated and trans fats with the aim of reducing saturated and trans fat intake to < 10% and < 1%, respectively, of the total calorie intake. Recent population studies, particularly that conducted in Kuopio, Finland, and those on Mediterranean diet, stress the important role of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats as key nutrients in preventing cardiovascular disease in modern societies. Furthermore, a special type of polyunsaturated fatty acids, i.e. those of the omega-3 (n-3) series, is increasingly becoming essential nutrients for a healthy diet, especially in the case of children. Therefore, there is a rationale for four the Scientific Societies that are strongly committed to disseminate the benefits of a healthy diet in preventing cardiovascular disease, and to prepare a joint statement with the purpose of spreading improved knowledge on the importance of changing to a healthy diet with a well-balanced fat intake for industrialized populations. Accordingly, a multidisciplinary panel of experts from the following institutions has developed the present joint statement targeted at both adults and children of different ages: Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis, Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine, Spanish Association of Paediatrics, Spanish Society of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Paediatric Nutrition and Dietetics, and Spanish Society for Food Sciences.

Keywords:
Dietary fats
Fatty acids
Monounsaturated
Linoleic acid
Spread
Cardiovascular diseases
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Documento de consenso avalado por la Sociedad Española de Dietética y Ciencias de la Alimentación (SEDCA), la Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), la Asociación Española de Pediatría/Sociedad Española de Gastroenterología, Hepatología y Nutrición Pediátrica (AEP/SEGHNP) y la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (semFYC).

Documento publicado simultáneamente en Atención Primaria (Aten Primaria. 2011; 43[3]:157.e1-157.e16) y en Anales de Pediatría (An Pediatr [Barc]. 2011;74 [3]:192.e1-e16).

Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España, S.L. y SEA
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