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Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 67-73 (January 2002)
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Vol. 14. Issue 2.
Pages 67-73 (January 2002)
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La leptina reduce los valores de ARNm del receptor activado por proliferadores peroxisómicos γ en macrófagos humanos
Leptin down-regulates PPAR γ in human macrophages
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A. Cabrero
Corresponding author
mvaz@farmacia.far.ub.es

Correspondencia: Unitat de Farmacologia. Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de Barcelona. Diagonal, 643. 08028 Barcelona
, M. Cubero, G. Llaverías, J.C. Laguna, M. Vázquez Carrera
Unidad de Farmacología. Departamento de Farmacología y Química Terapéutica. Facultad de Farmacia.Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona
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Fundamento

Los valores elevados de leptina se asocian con un mayor riesgo cardiovascular en la obesidad a través de un mecanismo desconocido. La isoforma gamma del receptor activado por proliferadores peroxisómicos (PPAR γ) desempeña un papel fundamental en la regulación del metabolismo lipídico en macrófagos y su activación por tiazolidindionas protege frente la aterosclerosis. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido determinar el efecto de la leptina sobre los valores de ARNm de PPAR γ en cultivo primario de macrófagos humanos y en células espumosas derivadas de macrófagos

Material y métodos

Se han utilizado cultivos primarios de monocitos humanos separados por centrifugación en gradiente de densidad a partir de buffy coats de donantes. Los monocitos así obtenidos se cultivan en suero humano inactivado durante 10 días para permitir su maduración a macrófagos y, posteriormente, se convierten en células espumosas por exposición a LDL acetiladas (150 µg/ml) durante 48 h. Los valores de ARNm se determinaron mediante reacción de la transcriptasa inversa acoplada a la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Los resultados se expresan como la media ± desviación estándar de tres experimentos

Resultados

El tratamiento de macrófagos derivados de monocitos humanos con leptina (100 ng/ml) durante 24 h causó una reducción del 41% (p < 0,01) en los valores de ARNm de PPAR γ. Esta reducción iba acompañada de una disminución en la expresión del ARNm de la carnitina-palmitoiltranferasa I (CPT-I) (36%; p < 0,05), del ABCA1 (62%; p < 0,05) y del CD36 (34%), aunque para este último la reducción no fue estadísticamente significativa. El tratamiento de células espumosas derivadas de macrófagos con leptina (20 ng/ml) disminuyó los valores de mensajero del PPAR γ en un 33% (p < 0,01) y de la CPT-I en un 27% (p = 0,05). A esta concentración, la leptina no modificó la expresión de ABCA1 ni de CD36

Conclusiones

Estos resultados parecen indicar que la reducción en la expresión de PPAR γ tanto en macrófagos como en células espumosas podría ser uno de los factores responsables de la asociación entre valores elevados de leptina y riesgo cardiovascular

Palabras clave:
Leptina
Macrófagos
Células espumosas
PPAR γ
ABCA1
CD36
Background

Increased leptin levels are associated with cardiovascular disease in obesity although the mechanism is unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) is a key regulator of macrophage lipid metabolism and its activation by thiazolidinediones protects against atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of human recombinant leptin on PPAR γ mRNA levels in primary human macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells

Material and methods

Human monocytes were isolated by gradient density centrifugation from buffy coats of human donors. The mononuclear cells were then incubated with heat-inactivated human serum and on day 10 completely differentiated to macrophages. After that, differentiated macrophages were lipid-loaded during a 48-hour incubation with 150 μg/ml acetyl-LDL. Relative levels of specific mRNAs were assessed by RT-PCR. Results are expressed as means ± SD of 3 experiments

Results

In human-derived macrophages leptin treatment (100 ng/ml) for 24 hours caused a 41% reduction (p < 0.01) in PPAR γ transcript levels. This fall was accompanied by a reduction in the mRNA expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT-I) (36%, p < 0.05) and ABCA1 (62%, p < 0.05), whereas CD36 mRNA reduction (34%) was not significant. In macrophage-derived foam cells, leptin at 20 ng/mL reduced PPAR γ mRNA levels a 33% (p < 0.01) and CPT-I a 27% (p ≤ 0.05). At this concentration, leptin did not modify the expression of either ABCA1 or CD36

Conclusions

We propose that the reduction of PPAR γ expression in both macrophages and foam cells may be one of the factors linking high leptin levels and cardiovascular disease

Key words:
Leptin
Macrophage
Foam cell
PPAR γ
ABCA1
CD36
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