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Inicio Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis Síndrome metabólico: ¿cómo diagnosticarlo y cómo tratarlo?
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Vol. 18. Issue S1.
Hot topics en arteriosclerosis
Pages 49-55 (June 2006)
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Vol. 18. Issue S1.
Hot topics en arteriosclerosis
Pages 49-55 (June 2006)
Hot topics en arteriosclerosis
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Síndrome metabólico: ¿cómo diagnosticarlo y cómo tratarlo?
Metabolic syndrome. how should it be diagnosed and treated?
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J.F. Ascaso
Corresponding author
ascaso@uv.es

Correspondencia: Prof. J.F. Ascaso. Departamento de Medicina. Universitat de València. Blasco Ibáñez, 15. 46010 Valencia. España.
, R. Carmena
Servicio de Endocrinología. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia. Departament de Medicina. Universitat de València. Valencia. España
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El síndrome metabólico es el conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas y cardiovasculares que están relacionadas con la resistencia a la insulina y la obesidad abdominal. Los componentes del síndrome metabólico se van instaurando progresivamente, y van aumentando en número y gravedad con la edad; este hecho se relaciona con el grado de obesidad y el sedentarismo, entre otros factores.

El diagnóstico del síndrome metabólico es un problema debido al elevado número de criterios utilizado por diferentes sociedades y grupos de expertos. El síndrome metabólico es un concepto integrador de gran importancia por su relación o asociación con un elevado riesgo de presentar enfermedades cardiovasculares y diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Es necesario establecer una definición unitaria y consensuada, ya que todos los criterios se basan en la asociación de resistencia a la insulina y las alteraciones típicamente asociadas a ella.

Es evidente que el alto riesgo cardiovascular que tienen estos sujetos requiere medidas enérgicas globales para reducir la resistencia a la insulina y por ello los factores asociados y el riesgo cardiovascular. La corrección de la obesidad y la inactividad física son intervenciones fundamentales en la resistencia a la insulina y en el síndrome metabólico.

El tratamiento actual del síndrome metabólico consiste en el control y tratamiento individualizado de cada uno de sus componentes, que son factores de riesgo cardiovascular.

Palabras clave:
Síndrome metabólico
Riesgo cardiovascular
Resistencia a la insulina
Obesidad

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by metabolic and cardiovascular alterations in association with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity. The components of metabolic syndrome are added progressively and increase in number and severity with age. This in turn is related to the degree of obesity and sedentariness, among other factors.

The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is problematic due to the large number of criteria used by different societies and expert groups. This syndrome is an integrating concept of great importance because of its association with an elevated risk of developing cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A single consensuated definition should be established, since all the criteria are based on the association of insulin resistance and the alterations typically associated with it.

Evidently, the high cardiovascular risk in these patients requires energetic global measures to reduce insulin resistance and the factors associated with cardiovascular risk. Interventions to reduce obesity and physical inactivity are fundamental in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome.

Current treatment of metabolic syndrome consists of the control and individualized treatment of each of its components, which are cardiovascular risk factors.

Key words:
Metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular risk
Insulin resistance
Obesity
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Copyright © 2006. Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis y Elsevier España S.L.
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