OLIG2 expression level could be used as an independent prognostic factor for patients with cerebellar Glioblastoma (cGBM)

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Cardiomyocytes transfected with pcDNA3.1-CTNNB1 were treated with 3.3 μM CIL56 for 12h and then treated with 100 μM H2O2 for over 12h. (A) CCK-8 assays were used to determine cell growth rates and survival, respectively. (B) Annexin V-FITC and PI FCM were performed to assess the percentage of apoptotic cells. (C) WB analysis of Bax, Bak, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL protein expression in cells. CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit-8; CFA, Colony Formation Assay; FCM, Flow Cytometry; FITC, Fluorescein Isothiocyanate; PI, Propidium Iodide; WB, Western Blot." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Haofei Kang, Weiwei Jiang" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Haofei" "apellidos" => "Kang" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Weiwei" "apellidos" => "Jiang" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist0001"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0001">•β-catenin protects cardiomyocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0002">•CIL56 restored apoptotic cell death in H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes, reversing the effects of β-catenin.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0003">•The β-catenin/YAP axis may be a target for the treatment of acute MI.</li></ul>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S180759322300025X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18075932/000000780000000C/v4_202409020811/S180759322300025X/v4_202409020811/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S1807593223000145" "issn" => "18075932" "doi" => "10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100178" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2023-01-01" "aid" => "100178" "copyright" => "HCFMUSP" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Clinics. 2023;78C:" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original articles" "titulo" => "Immunothrombosis and COVID-19 ‒ a nested post-hoc analysis from a 3186 patient cohort in a Latin American public reference hospital" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "en" ] "contieneResumen" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0001" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1310 "Ancho" => 2500 "Tamanyo" => 153449 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0005" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Flowchart of study participants. Note: Venous Thromboembolism (VTE)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Clarice Antunes de Lima, Fabio Augusto Rodrigues Gonçalves, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen, Antônio José Rodrigues Pereira, Sandro Félix Perazzio, Evelinda Marramon Trindade, Luiz Augusto Marcondes Fonseca, Nairo Massakazu Sumita, Vanusa Barbosa Pinto, Alberto José da Silva Duarte, Carolina Broco Manin, Arnaldo Lichtenstein" "autores" => array:12 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Clarice Antunes" "apellidos" => "de Lima" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Fabio Augusto Rodrigues" "apellidos" => "Gonçalves" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro" "apellidos" => "Besen" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Antônio José Rodrigues" "apellidos" => "Pereira" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Sandro Félix" "apellidos" => "Perazzio" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Evelinda Marramon" "apellidos" => "Trindade" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Luiz Augusto Marcondes" "apellidos" => "Fonseca" ] 7 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Nairo Massakazu" "apellidos" => "Sumita" ] 8 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Vanusa Barbosa" "apellidos" => "Pinto" ] 9 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alberto José da Silva" "apellidos" => "Duarte" ] 10 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carolina Broco" "apellidos" => "Manin" ] 11 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Arnaldo" "apellidos" => "Lichtenstein" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist0001"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0001">•VTE COVID-19 patients were sicker, their hospital stay was longer, and they were more likely to die.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0002">•VTE incidence is still considerable in COVID-19 patients even under pharmacological prophylaxis.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0003">•Prophylaxis and treatment compliance are essential to achieve a low VTE incidence.</li></ul>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S1807593223000145?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/18075932/000000780000000C/v4_202409020811/S1807593223000145/v4_202409020811/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original articles" "titulo" => "OLIG2 expression level could be used as an independent prognostic factor for patients with cerebellar Glioblastoma (cGBM)" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Jia Zhou, Ling-Fei Shi, Zheng Wang, Min Li, Jin-Seng Zhang, Ying Mao, Wei Hua" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Jia" "apellidos" => "Zhou" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "cneagles@sina.com" ] "referencia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] 2 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0001" ] 3 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ling-Fei" "apellidos" => "Shi" "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0003" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Zheng" "apellidos" => "Wang" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Min" "apellidos" => "Li" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Jin-Seng" "apellidos" => "Zhang" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Ying" "apellidos" => "Mao" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Wei" "apellidos" => "Hua" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0001" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0002" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Geriatics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0003" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0001" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0002" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1199 "Ancho" => 1733 "Tamanyo" => 142318 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0006" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the high expression of OLIG2 had favorable OS for those cGBM patients." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe incidence of Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) ranks first in human primary malignant brain tumors.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0001">1</a> However, cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme (cGBM) is quite rare, its incidence is around 0.4‒3.4% among all GBM.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0002">2</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003">3</a> Based on previous studies, researchers found some unique clinical characteristics of cGBM and pointed out it was a special subtype of GBM.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0004">4–7</a> In the last decades, researchers also found unique molecular profiling of GBM,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0008">8–10</a> GBM is highly heterogeneous on gene expression profiles and can be classified into 4 distinct molecular subtypes: proneural (Oligodendrocyte Progenitor [OPC] signature), classical (astrocytic signature), neural (neuronal signature), and mesenchymal (reactive astrocyte and microglia signature),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011">11</a> these tumor molecular characteristics had importance for GBM patient's prognosis and precise treatment.. Unfortunately, tumor databases such as TCGA did not distinguish cGBM from supratentorial Glioblastoma Multiforme (sGBM). So it's important to explore unique molecular biomarkers of cGBM that correlate with clinical significance and to promote the search for a potential therapeutic target and strategy against this lethal disease.OLIG2 (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) is mainly expressed in cell nuclei and is a Central Nervous System (CNS) restricted transcription factor that plays a critical role in glial progenitor proliferation.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0012">12</a> But the role of OLIG2 in cGBM remains uncertain.The presented study included 73 cGBM patients, the largest case series in Asia to date. The aim of the study was to find out the expression status of Oligodendrocyte Lineage transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) and its role in cGBM, and help researchers get more details of cGBM molecular profiles and explore deeply in its biological mechanisms, and further, help practitioners develop precise therapy strategy for cGBM patients.Materials and methodsSubjectsThe database was reviewed at Huashan Hospital. The records of patients With Histopathological diagnosis of GBM (WHO IV) from 2005 to 2018 were included. Patients’ data was selected under the following criteria: (1) Age > 18y, (2) Without brainstem invasion, (3) Without any pre-operative treatment, (4) Surgical resection and pathological confirmation of GBM according to WHO 2016 criteria. The exclusion criteria were as following: (1) No histological diagnosis; (2) Pre-operative steroid usage.All patients received craniotomy, and the tumor volume and the Extent Of Resection (EOR) was accessed with enhanced MR within 72 h after surgery. Post-operation adjuvant therapy was Radiotherapy including concurrent and sequential Temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy. The standard radiotherapy was administrated after surgery and performed toward the resection bed and residual lesions, (one fraction daily, 5 days per week).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013">13</a> The dose of radiotherapy was 59.2–64.8 Gy in 30 fractions. The dose of concurrent TMZ was 75 mg/m2/day and sequential TMZ was 150–200 mg/m2/day 1–5 every 28 days for six cycles.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0014">14</a>All patients were continuously followed up by two doctors that were not involved in the therapeutic process. Clinical examinations and enhanced MR were performed at 3-month intervals or when tumor progression was clinically suspected. The overall follow-up duration ranged from Jan 2005 to Mar 2020 in our study. This retrospective study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University (KY2015-256), and was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.Tissue collection, IHC staining and evaluationThe tissue was collected during surgery. The samples were rinsed with phosphate buffer saline, fixed with formalin, and embedded in paraffin. The paraffin-embedded samples were further made into 3 μm GBM tissue slices to perform an immunohistochemistry assay using methods previously described.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">15</a> Primary monoclonal antibodies against the following antigens were used: Olig2 (Genetex, Texas, US).Stained tumor samples were analyzed according to an Immunohistochemistry (IHC) score system. The IHC score was graded in a 5-stage intensity scale (0: ≤10%, 1: 11–20%; 2: 21–30%; 3: 31–60% and 4: > 60%).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0016">16</a> The average IHC scores were obtained based on ten randomly selected fields in each slice. Scores were defined as follows: at 0‒2 were low expression, at 3‒4 were high expression. Immunohistochemical features were evaluated by two independent doctors blindly, and then were confirmed by a pathologist.Statistical analysisPatient and tumor characteristics were summarized using descriptive and percentage methods. Continuous data were described using the mean and standard deviations for parametric values. Categorical variables were described in frequencies and were compared using the Chi-Square test. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and a log-rank test was used for group comparison. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the contribution and Hazard Ratios (HR) of each prognostic factor on OS of cGBM patients. All analysis was performed by SPSS 20.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, New York. USA). For all statistical tests, p < 0.05 were considered statistical significance.ResultsClinical characteristics of cGBM73 cGBM patients were included in this study, the summary of the patients were shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table 1</a>. Patients’ age was ranged from 18 to 72 years (mean 49.95 ± 14.66 years), including 49 males and 24 females. Tumor diameter varied from 1.4 to 4.6 cm (mean volume: 14.99 ± 1.55 cm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003">3</a>). As the cGBM located in posterior fossa and caused a ‘mass effect’, these patients experienced characteristic symptoms including vertigo and nausea (33/73, 45.2%), gait disturbances (25/73, 34.2%) and nystagmus (11/73, 15.1%). OLIG2 protein mainly accumulated in the cell nuclei. The staining scored high (3‒4) in 42 patients (42/73, 57.5%). 63 patients received gross total resection; 41 patients received adjuvant therapy.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0001"></elsevierMultimedia>OLIG2 expression and clinicopathological features in cGBMThe representative images of OLIG2 staining is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0001">Fig. 1</a>. Statistical analysis revealed that patients with high OLIG2 expression had a better alive rate (alive ratio: 70.6% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.04). The detailed correlation of OLIG2 expression level to clinicopathological features of these cGBM patients was listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table 2</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0001"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0002"></elsevierMultimedia>Prognostic value of OLIG2 expression in cGBM patientsLog-rank test was performed to access the factors that may interfere with patients’ OS, including age, gender, tumor diameter, resection extent, OLIG2 expression level, and adjuvant therapy in cGBM patients. Patients with high OLIG2 expression had favorable OS as compared to those with low OLIG2 expression (Log-rank = 48.65, p < 0.001, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0003">Table 3</a>). The median survival time of patients with OLIG2 high expression was longer than those with low expression (21 vs. 13 months, p = 0.000) as indicated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0002">Fig. 2</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0003"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0002"></elsevierMultimedia>Univariate Cox regression showed the subtotal resection (HR = 5.82, 95% CI 1.59‒21.26, p = 0.01), low OLIG2 expression (HR = 5.82, 95% CI 1.25‒27.14, p = 0.03), and without adjuvant therapy (HR = 5.16, 95% CI 1.29‒20.70, p = 0.02) significantly affected on the OS of cGBM patients (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table 4</a>). Multivariate Cox regression also showed subtotal resection (HR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.23‒12.26, p = 0.02), low OLIG2 expression (HR = 5.26, 95% CI 1.13‒24.59, p = 0.04) and without radio-chemo therapy (HR = 4.95, 95% CI 1.22‒20.00, p = 0.03) were independent poor prognosis factors (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table 4</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0004"></elsevierMultimedia>DiscussionThe cerebellar GBM is located in infratentorial space. The original location of GBM might determine the unique molecular mechanism of tumorigensis and clinical characteristics.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004">4</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">5</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011">11</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0017">17–20</a> However, due to the limited sample size, no significant biomarkers were found in cGBM patients that correlate with their prognosis. In this present study, as the clinical cohort of 73 cGBM patients was the largest series in Asians to date, the results may give people some clues for further understanding of cGBM. From statistical analysis, the results indicated that a high OLIG2 expression level could be served as an independent factor for favorable prognosis for cGBM patients.OLIG2 was reported high expressed in oligodendrogliomas and diffuse cerebellar gliomas.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0021">21</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0022">22</a> OLIG2 is important for maintaining the stem status of glioma and can activate cell proliferation machinery to promote tumorigenesis,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0023">23</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0024">24</a> and can also oppose the tumor suppressor p53 by direct transcriptional repression of p53-induced cell cycle inhibitor p21.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">25</a> The presented study revealed that OLIG2 was high expressed in 57.5% (42/73) cGBM patients, consistent with previous research,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0021">21</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0026">26</a> which seems associated with tumor malignancy.As OLIG2 was recognized as a tumor promote factor in the research mentioned above, people may tend to take it as an indicator for poor prognosis for patients’ OS. Interestingly, statistical results in the presented study showed that cGBM patients with low OLIG2 expression had significantly shorter OS than those with high OLIG2 expression and had a higher risk of mortality (HR = 5.26). Considering other findings of previous research, the results of the present study may explainable. It has been revealed that proneural to mesenchymal transition is often associated with more aggressive GBMs.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0027">27</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0028">28</a> Researchers also found that OLIG2-knockdown glioma stem cells, although accompanied by tumor growth rate reduction, exhibit mesenchymal characteristics such as increased invasion and drug resistance.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0023">23</a>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0029">29</a> It also found that patients’ OLIG2 becomes low after adjuvant therapy, but has a significantly shorter time to recurrence and survival.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">30</a> These findings suggest that despite the OLIG2 expression promoting tumor growth, it suppresses the transformation of the glioma subtype from proneural to the worse mesenchymal type. This transformation results in the insensitiveness of glioma to adjuvant therapy.The log-rank test indicated that gross total tumor resection and adjuvant therapy as well as high OLIG2 expression would contribute to the OS of cGBM patients in our present study. These results confirmed that adjuvant therapies are beneficial besides surgical resection of tumors as previous reports indicated.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0031">31</a> Meanwhile, OLIG2 expression level may be used as an indicator for tumor relapse and the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy. Cox regression analysis showed gross total tumor resection, high OLIG2 expression level and adjuvant therapy were independent favorable factors for the OS of cGBM patients. These results also remind us to further the research in tumor genome profiles and molecular characteristics besides surgical intervention for better understanding and treatment of this life-threatening disease.As a single-center, retrospective study, there were also limitations. Not all patients received the standard adjuvant therapy plan, so OLIG2 expression levels on patients’ prognosis for those subgroups were not further analyzed because of the small sample size. In addition, OLIG2 expression levels after adjuvant therapy were not analyzed for this is a retrospective study.ConclusionsThe study of 73 cGBM patients brings interesting results. Besides EOR and adjuvant therapy, OLIG2 expression level could be used as an independent prognostic factor for the OS of cGBM patients. Further investigation on the mechanics of OLIG2 in promoting cGBM would help researchers get a better understanding of this type of glioma. Meanwhile, a larger cohort of patient series and further studies are needed to get the whole profile of cGBM.CRediT authorship contribution statementJia Zhou: Funding acquisition, Conceptualization, Writing – original draft. Ling-Fei Shi: Data curation. Zheng Wang: Formal analysis, Data curation. Min Li: Formal analysis, Data curation. Jin-Seng Zhang: Writing – review & editing. Ying Mao: Conceptualization, Data curation. Wei Hua: Writing – review & editing." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2232417" "titulo" => "Highlights" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abss0001" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2232418" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0003" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0004" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0005" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0006" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1869175" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0001" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0002" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0003" "titulo" => "Subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0004" "titulo" => "Tissue collection, IHC staining and evaluation" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0006" "titulo" => "Results" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0007" "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of cGBM" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0008" "titulo" => "OLIG2 expression and clinicopathological features in cGBM" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0009" "titulo" => "Prognostic value of OLIG2 expression in cGBM patients" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0011" "titulo" => "Conclusions" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0011a" "titulo" => "CRediT authorship contribution statement" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack769887" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-03-02" "fechaAceptado" => "2022-09-12" "PalabrasClave" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1869175" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme" 1 => "OLIG2" 2 => "Biomarkers" 3 => "Molecular pathology" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "highlights" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "resumen" => "<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist0001"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0001">•The retrospective study included 73 cGBM patients, which was the largest patient cohort in east Asia to date.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0002">•OLIG2 expression level was high in more than half cGBM patients (42/73, 57.5%).</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0003">•OLIG2 expression level could be used as an independent prognostic factor for cGBM patients.</li></ul>" ] "resumen" => array:1 [ "en" => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "ObjectivesThe incidence of cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme (cGBM) is rare. Database like TCGA have not distinguish cGBM from GBM, our knowledge on cGBM gene expression characteristics is limited. The expression status of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) and its clinical significance in cGBM is still unclear. MethodsThe clinical data and tissue specimens of 73 cGBM patients were retrospectively studied. The association between OLIG2 expression level and the demographic characteristics of cGBM patients was identified by the Chi-Square test. The survival curves were drawn by Kaplan-Meier analysis. The independent prognostic factors was calculated according to Cox regression analysis. ResultsThe OLIG2 high expression was observed in about 57.5% (42/73) of the cGBM patients. Patients with high OLIG2 expression levels had a higher alive ratio at the end of follow-up (alive ratio: 70.6% vs. 29.4%, p = 0.04). The median survival time was 21 months and 13 months for high and low expression of OLIG2 (p < 0 .05). Univariate analysis and Multivariate analysis indicated that EOR (HR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.23‒12.26, p = 0.02), low OLIG2 expression (HR = 5.26, 95% CI 1.13‒24.59, p = 0.04), and without adjuvant therapy (HR = 4.95, 95% CI 1.22‒20.00, p = 0.03) were independent risk factors for the OS of cGBM patients. ConclusionHigh expression level of OLIG2 could be used as an independent favorable prognosis indicator in cGBM patients and be recognized as a characteristic biomarker of cGBM." "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0003" "titulo" => "Objectives" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0004" "titulo" => "Methods" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0005" "titulo" => "Results" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "abss0006" "titulo" => "Conclusion" ] ] ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "etiqueta" => "1" "nota" => "The authors contribute equally to this article." "identificador" => "fn1" ] ] "multimedia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0001" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2287 "Ancho" => 2917 "Tamanyo" => 1000963 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0005" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "OLIG2 expression on immunohistochemistry. The intensity of OLIG2 is varied from 0 to 3 in Figure A to Figure D (magnification  × 400-fold)." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "fig0002" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1199 "Ancho" => 1733 "Tamanyo" => 142318 ] ] "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0006" "detalle" => "Fig " "rol" => "short" ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the high expression of OLIG2 had favorable OS for those cGBM patients." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0001" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0001" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0001"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0002"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">cGBM (n = 73) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0003"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Age at diagnosis (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0004"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0005"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">≤ 40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0006"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">42 (57.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0007"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">> 40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0008"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">31 (42.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0009"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Gender (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0010"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0011"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0012"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">49 (67.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0013"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0014"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">24 (32.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0015"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Tumor diameter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0016"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0017"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">≤ 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0018"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">43 (58.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0019"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">> 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0020"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">30(41.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0021"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">EOR (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0022"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0023"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Subtotal resection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0024"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">10 (13.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0025"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Gross tumor resection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0026"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">63 (86.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0027"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">OLIG2 expression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0028"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0029"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">High \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0030"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">42 (57.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0031"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Low \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0032"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">31 (42.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0033"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Adjuvant therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0034"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0035"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0036"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">41 (56.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0037"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0038"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">32 (43.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3639434.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Demographic characteristics and of cGBM patients." ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0002" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0002" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0039"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col">Characteristics \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0040"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col">Cases (n = 73) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0041"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OLIG2 Expression</th><a name="en0042"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0043"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0044"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0045"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High (n = 42) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0046"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low (n = 31) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0047"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0048"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Age at diagnosis (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0049"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0050"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0051"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0052"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0053"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">≤ 40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0054"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">42 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0055"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">23(54.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0056"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">19 (45.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0057"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0058"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">> 40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0059"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">31 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0060"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">19(61.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0061"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">12 (38.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0062"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0063"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Gender (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0064"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0065"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0066"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0067"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.80 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0068"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Male \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0069"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">49 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0070"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">29(59.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0071"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">20(40.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0072"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0073"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Female \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0074"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">24 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0075"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">13(54.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0076"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">11 (45.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0077"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0078"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Tumor diameter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0079"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0080"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0081"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0082"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0083"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">≤ 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0084"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">43 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0085"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">26(60.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0086"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">17(39.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0087"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0088"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">> 3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0089"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">30 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0090"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">16(53.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0091"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">14(46.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0092"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0093"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">EOR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0094"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0095"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0096"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0097"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">1.00 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0098"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Gross resection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0099"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0100"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">36 (57.1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0101"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">27(42.9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0102"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0103"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Subtotal resection \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0104"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0105"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">6(60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0106"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">4(40%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0107"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0108"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Recurrence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0109"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0110"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0111"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0112"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.20 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0113"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Yes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0114"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">51 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0115"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">32(62.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0116"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">19(37.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0117"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0118"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">No \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0119"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0120"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">10(45.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0121"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">12(54.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0122"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0123"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Outcome \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0124"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0125"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0126"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0127"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.04 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0128"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Death \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0129"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">40 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0130"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">18(46.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0131"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">21(53.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0132"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0133"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Alive \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0134"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0135"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">24(70.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0136"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">10(29.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0137"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3639435.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Correlation of OLIG2 expression level to cGBM patients’ demographic characteristics." ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0003" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0003" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0138"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prognostic parameters \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0139"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Log-Rank \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0140"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0141"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0142"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0143"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.81 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0144"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0145"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.07 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0146"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.79 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0147"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Tumor diameter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0148"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">1.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0149"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.22 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0150"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">EOR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0151"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">29.64 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0152"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.00<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb3fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0153"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Olig2 expression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0154"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">48.65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0155"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.00<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb3fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0156"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">Adjuvant therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0157"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">49.05 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0158"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.00<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb3fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3639436.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tb3fn1" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "p < 0.05." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Kaplan-Meier analysis results of the OS of cGBM patients." ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0004" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "alt0004" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0159"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0160"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Univariate analysis</th><a name="en0161"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Multivatiate analysis</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0162"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0163"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0164"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0165"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">HR (95% CI) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0166"></a><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0167"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Age \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0168"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">1.89 (0.81‒4.44) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0169"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0170"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0171"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0172"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Sex \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0173"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">1.09 (0.77‒1.53) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0174"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.63 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0175"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0176"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0177"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Tumor diameter \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0178"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">1.18 (0.57‒2.45) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0179"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.66 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0180"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0181"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0182"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">EOR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0183"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">5.82 (1.59‒21.26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0184"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.01<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0185"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">3.89 (1.23‒12.26) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0186"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.02<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0187"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Olig2 expression \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0188"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">5.82 (1.25‒27.14) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0189"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.03<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0190"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">5.26 (1.13‒24.59) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0191"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.04<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0192"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Adjuvant therapy \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0193"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">5.16 (1.29‒20.70) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0194"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.02<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0195"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">4.95 (1.22‒20.00) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0196"></a><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="" valign="top">0.03<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb4fn1">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3639437.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tb4fn1" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "p < 0.05." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Cox regression analysis for the risk factors on the OS of cGBM patients." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "cebibsec1" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:31 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0001" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 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Original articles

Jia Zhoua,b,

,1, Ling-Fei Shic,1, Zheng Wangb, Min Lib, Jin-Seng Zhanga, Ying Maoa, Wei Huaa

a Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

b Cancer Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

c Department of Geriatics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

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researchers also found unique molecular profiling of GBM&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0008"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#8211;10</span></a> GBM is highly heterogeneous on gene expression profiles and can be classified into 4 distinct molecular subtypes&#58; proneural &#40;Oligodendrocyte Progenitor &#91;OPC&#93; signature&#41;&#44; classical &#40;astrocytic signature&#41;&#44; neural &#40;neuronal signature&#41;&#44; and mesenchymal &#40;reactive astrocyte and microglia signature&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> these tumor molecular characteristics had importance for GBM patient&#39;s prognosis and precise treatment&#46;&#46; Unfortunately&#44; tumor databases such as TCGA did not distinguish cGBM from supratentorial Glioblastoma Multiforme &#40;sGBM&#41;&#46; So it&#39;s important to explore unique molecular biomarkers of cGBM that correlate with clinical significance and to promote the search for a potential therapeutic target and strategy against this lethal disease&#46;</p><p id="para0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OLIG2 &#40;basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor&#41; is mainly expressed in cell nuclei and is a Central Nervous System &#40;CNS&#41; restricted transcription factor that plays a critical role in glial progenitor proliferation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0012"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> But the role of OLIG2 in cGBM remains uncertain&#46;</p><p id="para0011" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The presented study included&#160;73&#160;cGBM patients&#44; the largest case series in Asia to date&#46; The aim of the study was to find out the expression status of Oligodendrocyte Lineage transcription factor&#160;2 &#40;OLIG2&#41; and its role in cGBM&#44; and help researchers get more details of cGBM molecular profiles and explore deeply in its biological mechanisms&#44; and further&#44; help practitioners develop precise therapy strategy for cGBM patients&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0002" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0009">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0003" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0010">Subjects</span><p id="para0012" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The database was reviewed at Huashan Hospital&#46; The records of patients With Histopathological diagnosis of GBM &#40;WHO IV&#41; from&#160;2005&#160;to&#160;2018&#160;were included&#46; Patients&#8217; data was selected under the following criteria&#58; &#40;1&#41;&#160;Age&#160;&#62; 18y&#44; &#40;2&#41;&#160;Without brainstem invasion&#44; &#40;3&#41;&#160;Without any pre-operative treatment&#44; &#40;4&#41;&#160;Surgical resection and pathological confirmation of GBM according to WHO&#160;2016 criteria&#46; The exclusion criteria were as following&#58; &#40;1&#41;&#160;No histological diagnosis&#59; &#40;2&#41;&#160;Pre-operative steroid usage&#46;</p><p id="para0013" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients received craniotomy&#44; and the tumor volume and the Extent Of Resection &#40;EOR&#41; was accessed with enhanced MR within&#160;72&#160;h after surgery&#46; Post-operation adjuvant therapy was Radiotherapy including concurrent and sequential Temozolomide &#40;TMZ&#41; chemotherapy&#46; The standard radiotherapy was administrated after surgery and performed toward the resection bed and residual lesions&#44; &#40;one fraction daily&#44; 5&#160;days per week&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0013"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> The dose of radiotherapy was&#160;59&#46;2&#8211;64&#46;8&#160;Gy in&#160;30&#160;fractions&#46; The dose of concurrent TMZ was&#160;75&#160;mg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;day and sequential TMZ was&#160;150&#8211;200&#160;mg&#47;m<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#47;day&#160;1&#8211;5 every&#160;28&#160;days for six cycles&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0014"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="para0014" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients were continuously followed up by two doctors that were not involved in the therapeutic process&#46; Clinical examinations and enhanced MR were performed at&#160;3-month intervals or when tumor progression was clinically suspected&#46; The overall follow-up duration ranged from Jan&#160;2005 to Mar&#160;2020 in our study&#46; This retrospective study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital&#44; Fudan University &#40;KY2015-256&#41;&#44; and was carried out in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0004" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0011">Tissue collection&#44; IHC staining and evaluation</span><p id="para0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The tissue was collected during surgery&#46; The samples were rinsed with phosphate buffer saline&#44; fixed with formalin&#44; and embedded in paraffin&#46; The paraffin-embedded samples were further made into&#160;3&#160;&#956;m GBM tissue slices to perform an immunohistochemistry assay using methods previously described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> Primary monoclonal antibodies against the following antigens were used&#58; Olig2 &#40;Genetex&#44; Texas&#44; US&#41;&#46;</p><p id="para0016" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Stained tumor samples were analyzed according to an Immunohistochemistry &#40;IHC&#41; score system&#46; The IHC score was graded in a&#160;5-stage intensity scale &#40;0&#58;&#160;&#8804;10&#37;&#44; 1&#58;&#160;11&#8211;20&#37;&#59; 2&#58;&#160;21&#8211;30&#37;&#59; 3&#58;&#160;31&#8211;60&#37; and 4&#58;&#160;&#62; 60&#37;&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0016"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> The average IHC scores were obtained based on ten randomly selected fields in each slice&#46; Scores were defined as follows&#58; at&#160;0&#8210;2&#160;were low expression&#44; at&#160;3&#8210;4&#160;were high expression&#46; Immunohistochemical features were evaluated by two independent doctors blindly&#44; and then were confirmed by a pathologist&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0012">Statistical analysis</span><p id="para0017" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Patient and tumor characteristics were summarized using descriptive and percentage methods&#46; Continuous data were described using the mean and standard deviations for parametric values&#46; Categorical variables were described in frequencies and were compared using the Chi-Square test&#46; Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and a log-rank test was used for group comparison&#46; Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the contribution and Hazard Ratios &#40;HR&#41; of each prognostic factor on OS of cGBM patients&#46; All analysis was performed by SPSS&#160;20&#46;0 &#40;IBM Corporation&#44; Armonk&#44; New York&#46; USA&#41;&#46; For all statistical tests&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#46;05 were considered statistical significance&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0006" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0013">Results</span><span id="sec0007" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0014">Clinical characteristics of cGBM</span><p id="para0018" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">73 cGBM patients were included in this study&#44; the summary of the patients were shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0001">Table 1</a>&#46; Patients&#8217; age was ranged from&#160;18&#160;to&#160;72&#160;years &#40;mean&#160;49&#46;95&#160;&#177;&#160;14&#46;66&#160;years&#41;&#44; including&#160;49&#160;males and 24&#160;females&#46; Tumor diameter varied from&#160;1&#46;4&#160;to&#160;4&#46;6&#160;cm &#40;mean volume&#58;&#160;14&#46;99&#160;&#177;&#160;1&#46;55&#160;cm<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0003"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#41;&#46; As the cGBM located in posterior fossa and caused a &#8216;mass effect&#8217;&#44; these patients experienced characteristic symptoms including vertigo and nausea &#40;33&#47;73&#44; 45&#46;2&#37;&#41;&#44; gait disturbances &#40;25&#47;73&#44; 34&#46;2&#37;&#41; and nystagmus &#40;11&#47;73&#44; 15&#46;1&#37;&#41;&#46; OLIG2 protein mainly accumulated in the cell nuclei&#46; The staining scored high &#40;3&#8210;4&#41; in&#160;42&#160;patients &#40;42&#47;73&#44; 57&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46; 63&#160;patients received gross total resection&#59; 41&#160;patients received adjuvant therapy&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0001"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0008" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0015">OLIG2 expression and clinicopathological features in cGBM</span><p id="para0019" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The representative images of OLIG2 staining is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0001">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#46; Statistical analysis revealed that patients with high OLIG2 expression had a better alive rate &#40;alive ratio&#58; 70&#46;6&#37;&#160;vs&#46;&#160;29&#46;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;04&#41;&#46; The detailed correlation of OLIG2 expression level to clinicopathological features of these cGBM patients was listed in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0002">Table 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0001"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0002"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0009" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0016">Prognostic value of OLIG2 expression in cGBM patients</span><p id="para0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Log-rank test was performed to access the factors that may interfere with patients&#8217; OS&#44; including age&#44; gender&#44; tumor diameter&#44; resection extent&#44; OLIG2 expression level&#44; and adjuvant therapy in cGBM patients&#46; Patients with high OLIG2 expression had favorable OS as compared to those with low OLIG2 expression &#40;Log-rank&#8239;&#61;&#8239;48&#46;65&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#160;&#60;&#160;0&#46;001&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0003">Table 3</a>&#41;&#46; The median survival time of patients with OLIG2 high expression was longer than those with low expression &#40;21&#160;vs&#46;&#160;13&#160;months&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;000&#41; as indicated in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0002">Fig&#46; 2</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0003"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0002"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="para0021" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Univariate Cox regression showed the subtotal resection &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#46;82&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;59&#8210;21&#46;26&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;01&#41;&#44; low OLIG2 expression &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#46;82&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;25&#8210;27&#46;14&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;03&#41;&#44; and without adjuvant therapy &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#46;16&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;29&#8210;20&#46;70&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;02&#41; significantly affected on the OS of cGBM patients &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; Multivariate Cox regression also showed subtotal resection &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#46;89&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;23&#8210;12&#46;26&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;02&#41;&#44; low OLIG2 expression &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#46;26&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;13&#8210;24&#46;59&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;04&#41; and without radio-chemo therapy &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;4&#46;95&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;22&#8210;20&#46;00&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;03&#41; were independent poor prognosis factors &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0004">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0004"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0017">Discussion</span><p id="para0022" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cerebellar GBM is located in infratentorial space&#46; The original location of GBM might determine the unique molecular mechanism of tumorigensis and clinical characteristics&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0004"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0011"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0017"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17&#8211;20</span></a> However&#44; due to the limited sample size&#44; no significant biomarkers were found in cGBM patients that correlate with their prognosis&#46; In this present study&#44; as the clinical cohort of 73 cGBM patients was the largest series in Asians to date&#44; the results may give people some clues for further understanding of cGBM&#46; From statistical analysis&#44; the results indicated that a high OLIG2 expression level could be served as an independent factor for favorable prognosis for cGBM patients&#46;</p><p id="para0023" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OLIG2 was reported high expressed in oligodendrogliomas and diffuse cerebellar gliomas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0021"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0022"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> OLIG2 is important for maintaining the stem status of glioma and can activate cell proliferation machinery to promote tumorigenesis&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0023"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0024"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and can also oppose the tumor suppressor p53 by direct transcriptional repression of p53-induced cell cycle inhibitor p21&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> The presented study revealed that OLIG2 was high expressed in&#160;57&#46;5&#37;&#160;&#40;42&#47;73&#41; cGBM patients&#44; consistent with previous research&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0021"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0026"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> which seems associated with tumor malignancy&#46;</p><p id="para0024" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As OLIG2 was recognized as a tumor promote factor in the research mentioned above&#44; people may tend to take it as an indicator for poor prognosis for patients&#8217; OS&#46; Interestingly&#44; statistical results in the presented study showed that cGBM patients with low OLIG2 expression had significantly shorter OS than those with high OLIG2 expression and had a higher risk of mortality &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#46;26&#41;&#46; Considering other findings of previous research&#44; the results of the present study may explainable&#46; It has been revealed that proneural to mesenchymal transition is often associated with more aggressive GBMs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0027"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0028"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> Researchers also found that OLIG2-knockdown glioma stem cells&#44; although accompanied by tumor growth rate reduction&#44; exhibit mesenchymal characteristics such as increased invasion and drug resistance&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0023"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0029"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> It also found that patients&#8217; OLIG2 becomes low after adjuvant therapy&#44; but has a significantly shorter time to recurrence and survival&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a> These findings suggest that despite the OLIG2 expression promoting tumor growth&#44; it suppresses the transformation of the glioma subtype from proneural to the worse mesenchymal type&#46; This transformation results in the insensitiveness of glioma to adjuvant therapy&#46;</p><p id="para0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The log-rank test indicated that gross total tumor resection and adjuvant therapy as well as high OLIG2 expression would contribute to the OS of cGBM patients in our present study&#46; These results confirmed that adjuvant therapies are beneficial besides surgical resection of tumors as previous reports indicated&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0031"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31</span></a> Meanwhile&#44; OLIG2 expression level may be used as an indicator for tumor relapse and the effectiveness of adjuvant therapy&#46; Cox regression analysis showed gross total tumor resection&#44; high OLIG2 expression level and adjuvant therapy were independent favorable factors for the OS of cGBM patients&#46; These results also remind us to further the research in tumor genome profiles and molecular characteristics besides surgical intervention for better understanding and treatment of this life-threatening disease&#46;</p><p id="para0026" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a single-center&#44; retrospective study&#44; there were also limitations&#46; Not all patients received the standard adjuvant therapy plan&#44; so OLIG2 expression levels on patients&#8217; prognosis for those subgroups were not further analyzed because of the small sample size&#46; In addition&#44; OLIG2 expression levels after adjuvant therapy were not analyzed for this is a retrospective study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0011" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0018">Conclusions</span><p id="para0027" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study of&#160;73&#160;cGBM patients brings interesting results&#46; Besides EOR and adjuvant therapy&#44; OLIG2 expression level could be used as an independent prognostic factor for the OS of cGBM patients&#46; Further investigation on the mechanics of OLIG2 in promoting cGBM would help researchers get a better understanding of this type of glioma&#46; Meanwhile&#44; a larger cohort of patient series and further studies are needed to get the whole profile of cGBM&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0011a" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0018a">CRediT authorship contribution statement</span><p id="para0027a" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Jia Zhou&#58;</span> Funding acquisition&#44; Conceptualization&#44; Writing &#8211; original draft&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ling-Fei Shi&#58;</span> Data curation&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Zheng Wang&#58;</span> Formal analysis&#44; Data curation&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Min Li&#58;</span> Formal analysis&#44; Data curation&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Jin-Seng Zhang&#58;</span> Writing &#8211; review &#38; editing&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Ying Mao&#58;</span> Conceptualization&#44; Data curation&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Wei Hua&#58;</span> Writing &#8211; review &#38; editing&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "Clinical characteristics of cGBM"
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            0 => "Cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme"
            1 => "OLIG2"
            2 => "Biomarkers"
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    "highlights" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Highlights"
      "resumen" => "<span id="abss0001" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spara007" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="celist0001"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0001"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="para0002" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The retrospective study included&#160;73&#160;cGBM patients&#44; which was the largest patient cohort in east Asia to date&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0002"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="para0003" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OLIG2 expression level was high in more than half cGBM patients &#40;42&#47;73&#44; 57&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="celistitem0003"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="para0004" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">OLIG2 expression level could be used as an independent prognostic factor for cGBM patients&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abss0003" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0003">Objectives</span><p id="spara008" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The incidence of cerebellar Glioblastoma Multiforme &#40;cGBM&#41; is rare&#46; Database like TCGA have not distinguish cGBM from GBM&#44; our knowledge on cGBM gene expression characteristics is limited&#46; The expression status of Oligodendrocyte Lineage Transcription factor&#160;2 &#40;OLIG2&#41; and its clinical significance in cGBM is still unclear&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0004" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0004">Methods</span><p id="spara009" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The clinical data and tissue specimens of&#160;73&#160;cGBM patients were retrospectively studied&#46; The association between OLIG2 expression level and the demographic characteristics of cGBM patients was identified by the Chi-Square test&#46; The survival curves were drawn by Kaplan-Meier analysis&#46; The independent prognostic factors was calculated according to Cox regression analysis&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0005">Results</span><p id="spara010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The OLIG2 high expression was observed in about 57&#46;5&#37;&#160;&#40;42&#47;73&#41; of the cGBM patients&#46; Patients with high OLIG2 expression levels had a higher alive ratio at the end of follow-up &#40;alive ratio&#58; 70&#46;6&#37;&#160;vs&#46;&#160;29&#46;4&#37;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;04&#41;&#46; The median survival time was&#160;21&#160;months and 13&#160;months for high and low expression of OLIG2 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#160;&#60;&#160;0 &#46;05&#41;&#46; Univariate analysis and Multivariate analysis indicated that EOR &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;3&#46;89&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;23&#8210;12&#46;26&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;02&#41;&#44; low OLIG2 expression &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;5&#46;26&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;13&#8210;24&#46;59&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;04&#41;&#44; and without adjuvant therapy &#40;HR&#8239;&#61;&#8239;4&#46;95&#44; 95&#37;&#160;CI&#160;1&#46;22&#8210;20&#46;00&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;0&#46;03&#41; were independent risk factors for the OS of cGBM patients&#46;</p></span> <span id="abss0006" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="cesectitle0006">Conclusion</span><p id="spara011" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">High expression level of OLIG2 could be used as an independent favorable prognosis indicator in cGBM patients and be recognized as a characteristic biomarker of cGBM&#46;</p></span>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="notep0001">The authors contribute equally to this article&#46;</p>"
        "identificador" => "fn1"
      ]
    ]
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      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0001"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
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        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "figura" => array:1 [
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0005"
            "detalle" => "Fig "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spara001" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">OLIG2 expression on immunohistochemistry&#46; The intensity of OLIG2 is varied from&#160;0 to 3&#160;in Figure&#160;A to Figure&#160;D &#40;magnification&#160;&#8239;&#215;&#8239;400-fold&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0002"
        "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
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          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0006"
            "detalle" => "Fig "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara002" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the high expression of OLIG2 had favorable OS for those cGBM patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "identificador" => "tbl0001"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "mostrarDisplay" => false
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          0 => array:3 [
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            "detalle" => "Table "
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                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0001"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0002"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">cGBM &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0003"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Age at diagnosis &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0004"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0005"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">&#8804; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0006"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">42 &#40;57&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0007"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">&#62; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0008"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">31 &#40;42&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0009"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Gender &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0010"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0011"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0012"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">49 &#40;67&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0013"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0014"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">24 &#40;32&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0015"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Tumor diameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0016"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0017"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">&#8804; 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0018"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">43 &#40;58&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0019"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">&#62; 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0020"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">30&#40;41&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0021"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">EOR &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0022"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0023"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Subtotal resection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0024"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10 &#40;13&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0025"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Gross tumor resection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0026"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">63 &#40;86&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0027"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">OLIG2 expression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0028"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0029"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">High&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0030"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">42 &#40;57&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0031"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Low&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0032"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">31 &#40;42&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0033"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Adjuvant therapy&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0034"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0035"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0036"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">41 &#40;56&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0037"></a><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0038"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">32 &#40;43&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara003" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Demographic characteristics and of cGBM patients&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0002"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "alt0002"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0039"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">Characteristics&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0040"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col">Cases &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;73&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0041"></a><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">OLIG2 Expression</th><a name="en0042"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0043"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0044"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0045"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">High &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;42&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0046"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Low &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span>&#8239;&#61;&#8239;31&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0047"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0048"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Age at diagnosis &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0049"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0050"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0051"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0052"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0053"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#8804; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0054"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0055"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">23&#40;54&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0056"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">19 &#40;45&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0057"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0058"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#62; 40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0059"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0060"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">19&#40;61&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0061"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">12 &#40;38&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0062"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0063"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Gender &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0064"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0065"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0066"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0067"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;80&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0068"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Male&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0069"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">49&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0070"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">29&#40;59&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0071"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">20&#40;40&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0072"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0073"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Female&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0074"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">24&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0075"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">13&#40;54&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0076"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">11 &#40;45&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0077"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0078"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Tumor diameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0079"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0080"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0081"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0082"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0083"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#8804; 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0084"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">43&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0085"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">26&#40;60&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0086"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">17&#40;39&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0087"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0088"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&#62; 3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0089"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">30&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0090"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">16&#40;53&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0091"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">14&#40;46&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0092"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0093"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">EOR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0094"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0095"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0096"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0097"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;00&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0098"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Gross resection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0099"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">63&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0100"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">36 &#40;57&#46;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0101"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">27&#40;42&#46;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0102"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0103"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Subtotal resection&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0104"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0105"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">6&#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0106"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">4&#40;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0107"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0108"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Recurrence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0109"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0110"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0111"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0112"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0113"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Yes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0114"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">51&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0115"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">32&#40;62&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0116"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">19&#40;37&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0117"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0118"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">No&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0119"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0120"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10&#40;45&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0121"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">12&#40;54&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0122"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0123"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Outcome&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0124"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0125"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0126"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0127"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;04&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0128"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Death&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0129"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">40&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0130"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">18&#40;46&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0131"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">21&#40;53&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0132"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0133"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Alive&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0134"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">33&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0135"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">24&#40;70&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0136"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">10&#40;29&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0137"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab3639435.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spara004" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlation of OLIG2 expression level to cGBM patients&#8217; demographic characteristics&#46;</p>"
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      4 => array:8 [
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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          0 => array:3 [
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            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0138"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Prognostic parameters&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0139"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Log-Rank&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><a name="en0140"></a><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0141"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0142"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0143"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;81&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0144"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Sex&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0145"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;07&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0146"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;79&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0147"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Tumor diameter&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0148"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">1&#46;50&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0149"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0150"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">EOR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0151"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">29&#46;64&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0152"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">0&#46;00<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tb3fn1"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><a name="en0153"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">Olig2 expression&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0154"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="" valign="top">48&#46;65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><a name="en0155"></a><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
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Article information

ISSN: 18075932
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.clinsp.2022.100120

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