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Inicio Endocrinología, Diabetes y Nutrición Increased incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes during the pandemic in Biscay, ...
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Available online 2 July 2024
Increased incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes during the pandemic in Biscay, Spain
Aumento de la incidencia de diabetes tipo1 pediátrica durante la pandemia en Bizkaia
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Concepción Fernández-Ramosa,
Corresponding author
, Eunate Arana-Arrib, Amaia Velac, Inés Urrutiad, Borja Santos Zorrozuae, Itxaso Ricaf
a Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Basurto University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Avenida Montevideo 18, 48013 Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
b Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
c Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), CIBERDEM, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
d Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Endo-ERN, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
e Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Information Systems Unit, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
f Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, CIBERDEM, CIBERER, Plaza de Cruces s/n, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Mean annual age and sex-specific IR of T1DM in Biscay split across 5-year periods.
Table 2. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95%CI based on period, sex, and age groups.
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Abstract
Objective

To update the incidence rate (IR) and trends of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in children aged 0–14 years from 2003 to 2022, in Biscay, Spain.

Subjects and method

We used the capture–recapture method: primary cases were prospectively extracted from the hospital registry and a secondary independent data source was obtained from diabetes associations and a public health database. The IRs standardized by age and sex were calculated using the direct method, assuming an equal distribution in each age/sex group. The IR occurring during the various COVID-19 waves was compared with the pre-pandemic IR.

Results

A total of 378 new cases were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.7 years (5.8–11.9). The completeness of ascertainment was 99.1%. The mean annual age-standardized IR was 12.92 (95%CI, 11.35–13.91). The mean IRs for the 0–4, 5–9, and 10–14 age groups were 7.67, 13.41 and 17.83 cases/100,000 children/year, respectively. The IR trend was statistically significant in the entire group and in the 5–9 year-old group with a mean annual increase of 1.9% (95%CI, 0.1–3.8) and 3.3% (95%CI, 1.002–1.065); p=0.039.

The 5-year period analysis confirmed that the increase was significant only in the last 5 years (20%). When 2020–2022 (pandemic) and 2017–2019 (pre-pandemic) periods were compared this difference goes up to 44.5%; p=0.029.

Conclusions

After a long period of stability in the IR of T1DM in children younger than 15 years of age in Biscay, Spain, an increase in recent years has been reported, which is consistent with the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, with the largest increase being reported in the 5-to 9-year-old age group.

Keywords:
Epidemiology
Incidence rate
Incidence trend
Type 1 diabetes mellitus
COVID-19
Resumen
Objetivo

Actualizar la tasa de incidencia (TI) y la tendencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en niños de 0 a 14 años desde 2003 hasta 2022 en Bizkaia.

Sujetos y método

Se utilizó el método de captura-recaptura: los casos primarios se extrajeron de forma prospectiva del registro hospitalario, y la fuente de datos secundaria independiente fueron las asociaciones de diabetes y la base de datos de salud pública. Las tasas de incidencia estandarizadas por edad y sexo se calcularon mediante el método directo, suponiendo una distribución equitativa en cada grupo de edad/sexo. Se comparó la incidencia que se produjo durante las distintas oleadas de COVID con la del período prepandémico.

Resultados

Se identificaron 378 nuevos casos. La edad media al diagnóstico fue de 9,7 años (5,8-11,9). La exhaustividad fue del 99,1%. La TI media anual estandarizada por edad fue de 12,92 (IC 95%: 11,35-13,91). La incidencia media para los grupos de edad de 0 a 4, 5 a 9 y 10 a 14 años fue de 7,67, 13,41 y 17,83 casos/100.000 niños/año, respectivamente. La tendencia de la tasa de incidencia fue estadísticamente significativa, en el grupo total y en el grupo de 5 a 9 años, con un aumento promedio anual del 1,9% (IC95%: 0,1-3,8) y del 3,3% (IC 95%: 1,002-1,065), p=0,039.

Analizando por quinquenios el incremento es significativo solo en los últimos 5 años, siendo del 20%. Al comparar el periodo 2020-2022 (pandemia) respecto al 2017-2019 (prepandemia), esta diferencia es del 44,5% (p=0,029).

Conclusiones

Tras un largo periodo de estabilidad en la incidencia de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 en menores de 15 años en Bizkaia, se ha producido en los últimos años un aumento que coincidió con la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2, siendo el mayor incremento en el grupo de 5 a 9 años.

Palabras clave:
Epidemiologia
Incidencia
Tendencia en incidencia
Diabetes mellitus tipo 1
COVID-19

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