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Original article
Available online 2 August 2024
Impact of the presence and type of cardiovascular disease on the risk of mortality in type 2 diabetic patients: The DIABET-IC trial
Influencia de la presencia y tipo de enfermedad cardiovascular sobre el riesgo de mortalidad de los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2: estudio DIABET-IC
José Antonio Gimeno Ornaa,
Corresponding author
jagimeno@salud.aragon.es

Corresponding author.
, Ana Belén Mañas Martíneza, Luis Rodríguez Padialb, Manuel Anguita Sánchezc, Vivencio Barriosd, Javier Muñiz Garcíae, Antonio Pérez Pérezf, on behalf of DIABET-IC researchers
a Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, HCU Lozano Blesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
b Servicio de Cardiología, Complejo Hospitalario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain
c Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Córdoba, CIBER Cardiovascular, Córdoba, Spain
d Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
e Universidad da Coruña, Grupo de Investigación Cardiovascular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud e Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CIBERCV, A Coruña, Spain
f Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Instituto de Investigación, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
Received 02 March 2024. Accepted 24 March 2024
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Figures (1)
Tables (5)
Table 1. Cross-cardiovascular involvement among vascular territories.
Table 2. Characteristics of patients based on the initial presence of CVD.
Table 3. Initial characteristics of patients based on mortality prognosis with univariate Cox analysis for each variable.
Table 4. Initial characteristics of patients based on whether they died from cardiovascular causes with univariate Cox analysis for each variable.
Table 5. Incidence rates (IR) per 1000 patient-years for the overall and cardiovascular mortality.
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Abstract
Introduction

All-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality (CVM) risk can be very high in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) with previous cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our objective was to determine this risk among the different clinical spectrum of CVD.

Material and methods

The DIABET-IC trial is a multicenter, prospective, observational, and analytical study. Consecutive subjects with DM2 attending our outpatients’ clinics were recruited. Data on clinical features, lab test results, and echocardiographic measures were collected.

Patients were categorized depending on the presence and type of CVD: heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

All-cause mortality and CVM were the dependent variables analyzed. Mortality rate was expressed as deaths per 1000 patients-year. Cox proportional hazards regressions models were used to establish the mortality risk associated with every type of CVD.

Results

We studied a total of 1246 patients (mean age, 6.3 (SD, 9.9) years; 31.6%, female) with an initial prevalence of CVD of 59.3%. A total of 122 deaths (46 due to CVD) occurred at the 2.6-year follow-up. All-cause and MCV rates associated with the presence of PAD (85.6/1000 and 33.6/1000, respectively) and HF (72.9/1000 and 28.7/1000 respectively) were the most elevated of all.

In multivariate analysis, HF increased all-cause mortality risk (HR, 1.63; CI 95% 1.03–2.58; P=.037) and the risk of CVM (HR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.68–6.93; P=.001).

Conclusions

Mortality among DM2 patients is highly increased in the presence of HF and PAD. This justifies the screening of these conditions to intensify therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
Type 2 diabetes
Mortality
Cardiovascular disease
Resumen
Introducción

El riesgo de mortalidad total y de mortalidad cardiovascular (MCV) de los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) puede ser muy elevado ante la existencia de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Nuestro objetivo fue cuantificar este riesgo considerando las diferentes manifestaciones de ECV.

Materiales y métodos

El estudio DIABET-IC es un estudio multicéntrico, observacional, prospectivo y analítico, con reclutamiento consecutivo de pacientes con DM2 procedentes de consultas externas hospitalarias.

Se recogieron variables clínicas, analíticas y ecocardiográficas, con clasificación de los pacientes en dependencia de la presencia y tipo de ECV: insuficiencia cardiaca (IC), enfermedad arterial coronaria (EACo), enfermedad arterial cerebrovascular (EACe) y enfermedad arterial periférica (EAPe).

Las variables dependientes analizadas fueron mortalidad total y MCV. Se calcularon las tasas por cada 1000 pacientes-año y se realizaron modelos de Cox para determinar el riesgo de mortalidad asociado a cada tipo de ECV.

Resultados

Se incluyeron 1246 pacientes de 67,3 (DE 9,9) años, 31,6% mujeres y con prevalencia inicial de ECV del 59,3%. Durante un seguimiento de 2,6 años, hubo 122 fallecimientos (46 cardiovasculares). Las tasas asociadas a existencia de EAPe (85,6/1000 mortalidad total y 33,6/1000 MCV) e IC (72,9/1000 mortalidad total y 28,7/1000 MCV) fueron las más elevadas.

En análisis multivariante, la IC aumentó el riesgo de mortalidad total (HR 1,63; IC 95% 1,03-2,58; p=0,037) y MCV (HR 3,41; IC 95% 1,68-6,93; p=0,001).

Conclusiones

La mortalidad de los pacientes con DM2 está incrementada, especialmente ante la existencia de IC y EAPe, lo que justifica su cribado para intensificar las medidas terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:
Diabetes tipo 2
Mortalidad
Enfermedad cardiovascular

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