Article information
Presentamos una revisión sistemática, siguiendo los criterios de la medicina basada en la evidencia, sobre 2 aspectos de la nutrición enteral en el paciente crítico: comparar la nutrición enteral temprana frente a la enteral retardada, y la nutrición enteral intragástrica frente a la enteral yeyunal. Utilizando como fuente los ensayos clínicos aleatorizados publicados en los últimos años, se analizan sus efectos sobre la infección nosocomial/neumonía, la eficacia calórica, la estancia media hospitalaria y la mortalidad.
Palabras clave:
Nutrición enteral temprana
Cuidados críticos
Pacientes quemados
Revisión sistemática
Abstract
We present a systematic review, based on the criteria of evidence-based medicine, on two aspects of enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: comparison of early versus delayed enteral nutrition and intragastric versus jejunal enteral nutrition. Sources consisted of randomized clinical trials published in the last 10 years. The effects on nosocomial infection/pneumonia, effectiveness as a caloric source, mean length of hospital stay and mortality are analyzed.
Key words:
Early enteral nutrition
Critical care
Burn patients
Systematic review
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
V.K. Sabol.
Nutrition assessment of the critically ill adult.
AACN Clin Issues, 15 (2004), pp. 595-606
[2.]
S.M. Schneider, P. Veyres, X. Pivot, A.M. Soummer, P. Jambou, J. Filippi, et al.
Malnutrition is an independent factor associated with nosocomial infections.
Br J Nutr, 92 (2004), pp. 105-111
[3.]
D. Sue Solone.
Nutritional support of the critically ill patients.
Crit Care Clin, 20 (2004), pp. 135-137
[4.]
P.E. Marik, G.P. Zaloga.
Early enteral nutrition in acutely ill patients: A systematic review.
Crit Care Med, 29 (2001), pp. 2264-2270
[5.]
L. Gianotti, J.W. Alexander, J.L. Nelson, R. Fukushima, T. Pyles, C.L. Chalk.
Role of early enteral feeding and acute starvation on postburn bacterial translocation and host defense.
Crit Care Med, 22 (1994), pp. 265-272
[6.]
J.M. Hasse, L.S. Blue, G.U. Liepa, R.M. Goldstein, L.W. Jennings, E. Mor, et al.
Early enteral nutrition support in patients undergoing liver transplantation.
JPEN, 19 (1995), pp. 437-443
[7.]
C.S. Carr, K.D. Ling, P. Boulos, M. Singer.
Randomised trial of safety and efficacy of immediate postoperative enteral feeding in patients undergoing gastrointestinal resection.
BMJ, 312 (1996), pp. 869-871
[8.]
J.M. Watters, S.M. Kirkpatrick, S.B. Norris, F.M. Shamji, G.A. Wells.
Immediate postoperative enteral feeding results in impaired respiratory mechanics and decreased mobility.
Ann Surg, 226 (1997), pp. 369-377
[9.]
M.J. Heslin, L. Latkany, D. Leung, A.D. Brooks, S.N. Hochwald, P.W. Pisters, et al.
A prospective, randomized trial of early enteral feeding after resection of upper gastrointestinal malignancy.
Ann Surg, 226 (1997), pp. 567-577
[10.]
L. Kompan, B. Kremzar, E. Gadzijev, M. Prosek.
Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of multiple organ failure after multiple injury.
Intensive Care Med, 25 (1999), pp. 157-161
[11.]
G. Singh, R.P. Ram, S.K. Khanna.
Early postoperative enteral feeding in patients with nontraumatic intestinal perforation and peritonitis.
J Am Coll Surg, 187 (1998), pp. 142-146
[12.]
S.J. Taylor, S.B. Fettes, C. Jewkes, R.J. Nelson.
Prospective, randomized, controlled trial to determine the effect of early enhanced enteral nutrition on clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients suffering head injury.
Crit Care Med, 27 (1999), pp. 2525-2531
[13.]
M.M. Gottschlich, M.E. Jenkins, T. Mayes, J. Khoury, R.J. Kagan, G.D. Warden.
The 2002 Clinical Research Award. An evaluation of the safety of early vs delayed enteral support and effects on clinical, nutritional, and endocrine outcomes after severe burns.
J Burn Care Rehabil, 23 (2002), pp. 401-415
[14.]
M.A. Montecalvo, K.A. Steger, H.W. Farber, B.F. Smith, R.C. Dennis, G.F. Fitzpatrick, et al.
Nutritional outcome and pneumonia in critical care patients randomized to gastric versus jejunal tube feedings. The Critical Care Research Team.
Crit Care Med, 20 (1992), pp. 1377-1387
[15.]
J.B. Kortbeek, P.I. Haigh, C. Doig.
Duodenal versus gastric feeding in ventilated blunt trauma patients: a randomized controlled trial.
J Trauma, 46 (1999), pp. 992-998
[16.]
P.J. Kearns, D. Chin, L. Mueller, K. Wallace, W.A. Jensen, C.M. Kirsch.
The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and success in nutrient delivery with gastric versus small intestinal feeding: a randomized clinical trial.
Crit Care Med, 28 (2000), pp. 1742-1746
[17.]
M.A. Boivin, H. Levy.
Gastric feeding with erythromycin is equivalent to transpyloric feeding in the critically ill.
Crit Care Med, 29 (2001), pp. 1916-1919
[18.]
L. Day, N.A. Stotts, A. Frankfurt, A. Stralovich-Romani, M. Volz, M. Muwaswes, et al.
Gastric versus duodenal feeding in patients with neurological disease: a pilot study.
J Neurosci Nurs, 33 (2001), pp. 148-149
[19.]
J. Esparza, M.A. Boivin, M.F. Hartshorne, H. Levy.
Equal aspiration rates in gastrically and transpylorically fed critically ill patients.
Intensive Care Med, 27 (2001), pp. 660-664
[20.]
A.R. Davies, P.R.A. Froomes, C.J. French, R. Bellomo, G.A. Gutteridge, I. Nyulasi, et al.
Randomized comparison of nasojejunal and nasogastric feeding in critically ill patients.
Crit Care Med, 30 (2002), pp. 586-590
[21.]
J.C. Montejo, T. Grau, J. Acosta, S. Ruiz-Santana, M. Planas, A. García de Lorenzo, et al.
Multi-center, prospective, randomized, single-blindstudy comparing the efficacy and gastrointestinal complications of early jejunal feeding with early gastric feeding in critically ill patients.
Crit Care Med, 30 (2002), pp. 796-800
[22.]
D.A. Neumann, M.H. DeLegge.
Gastric versus small-bowel tube feeding in the intensive care unit: a prospective comparison of efficacy.
Crit Care Med, 30 (2002), pp. 1436-1438
[23.]
J.C. Montejo, A. Zarazaga, J. López-Martínez, G. Urrutia, M. Roqué, A.L. Blesa, et al.
Immunonutrition in the intensive care unit. A systematic review and consensus treatment.
Clin Nutr, 22 (2003), pp. 221-233
[24.]
G. Minard, K.A. Kudsk, S. Melton, J.H. Patton, E.A. Tolley.
Early versus delayed feeding with an immune-enhancing diet in patients with severe head injuries.
JPEN, 24 (2000), pp. 145-149
[25.]
L. Gianotti, J.L. Nelson, J.W. Alexander, C.L. Chalk, T. Pyles.
Post injury hypermetabolic response and magnitude of translocation: preventive by early enteral nutrition.
Nutrition, 10 (1994), pp. 225-231
[26.]
P.R. Roberts, K.W. Black, G.P. Zaloga.
Enteral feeding improves outcome and protects against glycerol-induced acute renal failure in the rat.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 156 (1997), pp. 1265-1269
[27.]
D.B. Silk, N.M. Gow.
Postoperative starvation after gastrointestinal surgery. Early feeding is beneficial.
BMJ, 323 (2001), pp. 761-762
[28.]
G.P. Zaloga.
Bedside method for placing small bowel feeding tubes in critically ill patients. A prospective study.
Chest, 100 (1991), pp. 1643-1646
[29.]
M. Marian, W. Rappaport, D. Cunningham, C. Thompson, M. Esser, F. Williams, et al.
The failure of conventional methods to promote spontaneous transpyloric feeding tube passage and the safety of intragastric feeding in the critically ill ventilated patients.
Surg Gynecol Obstet, 176 (1993), pp. 475-479
[30.]
A.E. Hillard, J.J. Waddell, M.H. Metzler, D. McAlpin.
Fluoroscopically guided nasoenteric feeding tube placement versus bedside placement.
South Med J, 88 (1995), pp. 425-428
[31.]
M.A. Boivin, H. Levy.
Gastric feeding with erythromycin is equivalent to transpyloric feeding in the critically ill.
Crit Care Med, 29 (2001), pp. 1916-1919
[32.]
P.E. Marik, G.P. Zaloga.
Gastric versus post-pyloric feeding: a systematic review.
Critical Care, 7 (2003), pp. R46-51
Copyright © 2005. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
