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Se describen los fundamentos y metodología de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET), con especial hincapié en el isótopo 2-[18F] fluoro-2-desoxi-D-glucosa (FDG) y su aplicación en el seguimiento del cáncer diferenciado de tiroides. De acuerdo con los datos recogidos en la bibliografía médica, la principal utilidad de la FDG-PET es detectar las recidivas tumorales posquirúrgicas del cáncer diferenciado de tiroides que cursan con rastreos gammagráficos con 131I negativos y concentraciones elevadas de tiroglobulina sérica. Se comenta la possible mejoría del rendimiento de la FDG-PET mediante el estímulo previo con tirotropina humana recombinante y/o su combinación con la tomografía computarizada. Asimismo, se revisa la posible utilidad de la FDG-PET en el estudio de los nódulos tiroideos, y el incidentaloma tiroideo por PET.
Palabras clave:
Tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET)
Cáncer diferenciado de tiroides
2-[18F] desoxi-D-glucosa (FDG)
Functional and methodological features of positron emission tomography (PET) are described, with special emphasis on the fluorine-18- fluorodesoxyglucose (18FDG) isotope and its applications in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). According to the medical literature, the main role of 18FDG-PET is to detect DTC recurrences in patients with negative 131I scanning and elevated thyroglobulin levels. The hypothetical advantages of rTSH treatment prior to 18FDG-PET, and of combined computed tomography (CT)/FDG-PET imaging in the detection of recurrences are examined. The possible value of 18FDG-PET in the evaluation of thyroid nodules, and of PET in the evaluation of thyroid incidentaloma, are discussed.
Key words:
Positron emission tomography (PET)
Thyroid differentiated cancer
Fluorodesoxyglucose (FDG)
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