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En la última década, se acepta, en general, que la resistencia a la insulina y la hiperinsulinemia se hallan presentes de un modo inconstante en la mayoría de mujeres con el síndrome del ovario poliquístico (SOP). Además, la obesidad puede afectar a más de la mitad de estas mujeres. La obesidad ejerce una profunda influencia en el fenotipo del SOP y se asocia con una mayor gravedad de la resistencia a la insulina, el hiperandrogenismo y los trastornos de la fertilidad. Asimismo, la asociación entre el SOP y la obesidad predispone a las mujeres a desarrollar intolerancia a la glucosa, y al síndrome metabólico, en comparación con la población general. Sin embargo, las diferencias existentes en distintos países en cuanto a las tasas de prevalencia de la intolerancia a la glucosa o del síndrome metabólico en las mujeres con SOP sugieren que los factores ambientales son importantes para determinar la susceptibilidad individual a desarrollar estas anomalías metabólicas.
Palabras clave:
SOP
Obesidad
Fenotipo abdominal
Resistencia a la insulina
Trastornos metabólicos
It has been widely recognized in the last decade that insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia are inconsistently present in the majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In addition, obesity may affect more than half of these women. Obesity has a profound impact on the PCOS phenotype, being associated with a more severe insulin resistant state, hyperandrogenism and fertility disorders. Moreover, the association between obesity (particularly the abdominal phenotype) and PCOS renders affected women more susceptible to develop glucose intolerance and the metabolic syndrome in comparison with the general population. However, the presence of differences in the prevalence rate of glucose intolerance states or the metabolic syndrome within PCOS women in different countries suggests that environmental factors are important in determining individual susceptibility to develop these metabolic abnormalities.
Key words:
PCOS
Obesity
Abdominal phenotype
Insulin resistance
Metabolic disorders
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