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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 92-98 (March 2008)
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Vol. 55. Issue S2.
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
Pages 92-98 (March 2008)
Guía de actualización en el tratamiento de la diabetes tipo 2 y sus complicaciones
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Tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética
Treatment of diabetic retinopathy
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C. Hernández Pascuala,
Corresponding author
crhernan@ir.vhebron.net

Correspondencia: Dra. C. Hernández Pascual. Grupo de Investigación en Diabetes y Metabolismo. Instituto de Investigación. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. P.° Vall d’Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España.
, J. Giralt Josab, R. Simó Canongea
a Grupo de Investigación en Diabetes y Metabolismo. Instituto de Investigación. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
b Servicio de Oftalmología. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
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La retinopatía diabética (RD) es la principal causa de ceguera en población de edad laboral en los países industrializados. La fotocoagulación con láser continúa siendo la principal arma terapéutica para evitar la progresión de la RD, pero pierde efectividad cuando se indica demasiado tarde, y no está exenta de efectos secundarios. Por tanto, es indispensable seguir una estrategia de cribado estandarizada para poder identificar a los pacientes en estadios iniciales e indicar, en el momento oportuno, la fotocoagulación. En casos de RD muy avanzada deberá practicarse la vitrectomía, que requiere la presencia de un oftalmólogo experto, es cara y presenta un elevado índice de fracasos. Por ello, es necesario el desarrollo de nuevos tratamientos basados en el conocimiento fisiopatológico de la enfermedad.

En este sentido, se están ensayando fármacos para bloquear tanto las vías metabólicas relacionadas con la hiperglucemia (p. ej., inhibidores de la PKC), como la angiogénesis inducida por la hipoxia (p. ej., agents anti-VEGF) que, sin duda, proporcionarán una nueva perspectiva en el tratamiento de la RD.

Palabras clave:
Retinopatía diabética
Edema macular diabético
Fotocoagulación
Vitrectomía
Angiogénesis

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the main cause of blindness in the working-age population in industrialized countries. Laser photocoagulation remains the main therapeutic weapon to avoid progression of DR but this treatment is less effective when there is a delay in indication and is not free of adverse effects. Therefore, a standardized screening strategy is essential to identify patients in the initial stages of DR and to indicate timely photocoagulation. In patients with highly advanced DR, vitrectomy should be performed. This procedure requires the presence of an expert ophthalmologist, is expensive, and has a high failure rate. Therefore, new techniques, based on knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease, are required. Drugs to block both the metabolic pathways related to hyperglycemia (e.g. protein kinase C inhibitors) and hypoxia-induced angiogenesis (e.g. anti-vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] agents) are currently being tested. These drugs will undoubtedly provide a new perspective in the treatment of DR.

Key words:
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic macular edema
Photocoagulation
Vitrectomy
Angiogenesis
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Copyright © 2008. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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