Información del artículo
La polineuropatía diabética (DPN) es una de las complicaciones crónicas más frecuentes en los pacientes con diabetes, sinónimo de neuropatía diabética, y representa una de las causas principales para presentar úlceras en los pies y amputaciones de miembros inferiores (LEA). La DPN comienza de forma habitual con una disfunción de los nervios, con la presencia de signos, pero de forma asintomática. En la prevención es prioritario el estricto control glucémico y de otros factores de riesgo cardiovascular, que incluyen la dislipemia, la hipertensión arterial, el tabaco, la circunferencia de la cintura y el consumo de grasa. Las estrategias preventivas para reducir la aparición de úlceras en los pies y LEA están dirigidas al diagnóstico temprano de DPN con el diapasón de 128 Hz, el palillo puntiagudo y los reflejos aquíleos, el neurotensiómetro y el monofilamento de 10 g, y la intervención basada en el desarrollo de un programa estructurado y continuado de educación y tratamiento.
Palabras clave:
Polineuropatía diabética
Pie en riesgo
Amputación no traumática
Programa para el cuidado del pie
Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN), also called diabetic neuropathy, is one of the most frequent complications of diabetes mellitus and remains a major cause of foot ulcers and lower extremity amputations (LEAs). DPN often begins with silent nerve dysfunction and abnormal signs but with few or no symptoms. Factors crucial to prevention are control of blood glucose levels and other cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, waist circumference, and fat consumption. Prevention strategies to reduce foot ulcers and LEAS focus on the early detection of DPN, involving the use of the 128 Hz turning fork, pin-prick and Achilles reflex testing, tensometer and 10-g monofilament, and intervention based on continuing and well-structured education and treatment programs.
Key words:
Diabetic polyneuropathy
Foot at risk
Non-traumatic amputation
Foot care program
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