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Vol. 58. Issue 3.
Pages 104-111 (March 2011)
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Vol. 58. Issue 3.
Pages 104-111 (March 2011)
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Screening of the nutritional risk in elderly hospitalized patients with different tools
Valoración del riesgo nutricional en pacientes ancianos hospitalizados mediante diferentes herramientas
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Juan José López-Gómez
Corresponding author
jjlopez161282@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Alicia Calleja-Fernández, María Dolores Ballesteros-Pomar, Alfonso Vidal-Casariego, Cristina Brea-Laranjo, Esperanza Fariza-Vicente, Rosa María Arias-García, Isidoro Cano-Rodríguez
Sección de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, León, Spain
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Abstract
Background and objective

Nutritional assessment of the elderly is difficult and different to that performed on younger people. Specific tools for this purpose include the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). The study objective was to compare this index to the Nutritional Risk Index (NRI).

Materials and methods

A retrospective, observational, analytical study including 113 hospitalized patients over 75 years of age receiving nutritional support. Weight, height, age, length of stay, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), nutrition type and duration, and occurrence of complications were recorded. GNRI and NRI were calculated. Both indexes were compared to each other and to the parameters measured.

Results

Mean GNRI was 88.79 (SD: 13.1), mean NRI 79.96 (SD: 10.8), and mean MNA 17.49 (SD: 4.9). Complications occurred in 50.4% of patients, and 14% died. The NRI and the GNRI did not correlate either with length of stay (R=0.136) or with length of nutrition (R=0.041). No significant correlation was seen between the GNRI and complications, but a significant relationship was found with the NRI. After stratification into surgical and/or patients, the NRI was shown to be significantly related to complications in surgical patients only (p<0.05). The GNRI was not related to complications in either surgical or medical patients.

Conclusions

In hospitalized elderly patients, the NRI is a better predictor of complications and may be more appropriate for assessing the risk of death than the GNRI. The GNRI underestimates nutritional risk as compared to NRI.

Keywords:
Nutritional assessment
Frail elderly
Malnutrition
Nutritional support
Resumen
Antecedentes y objetivo

La valoración nutricional en el paciente anciano es compleja y no comparable a la de personas más jóvenes. Para ello existen herramientas específicas como el Índice de riesgo nutricional geriátrico (GNRI). El objetivo del estudio fue comparar este índice con el Índice de riesgo nutricional (NRI).

Material y métodos

Estudio observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluyó a 113 pacientes hospitalizados mayores de 75 años en seguimiento nutricional. Se recogió: peso, talla, edad, estancia media, Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), tipo de nutrición y duración de la misma y presencia de complicaciones. Se calcularon el NRI y el GNRI. Se compararon ambos índices entre sí y con los parámetros medidos.

Resultados

La media del GNRI fue 88,79 (DE: 13,1), la del NRI 79,96 (DE: 10,8) y la del MNA 17,49 (DE: 4,9). Un 50,4% sufrió complicaciones y un 14% fue éxitus. No se correlacionó el NRI ni el GNRI con estancia media R=0,136 ni con duración de la nutrición R=0,041. Al relacionar el riesgo nutricional con la presencia de complicaciones se observó que no había relación significativa con el GNRI, pero sí con el NRI (p<0,05). Estratificando en pacientes quirúrgicos y médicos existió relación significativa del NRI con las complicaciones sólo en pacientes quirúrgicos (p<0,05), siendo no significativa en pacientes médicos. Al analizar el GNRI se observó que no había relación significativa en ninguno de los grupos.

Conclusiones

En pacientes ancianos hospitalizados, el NRI predice mejor las complicaciones y podría ser más adecuado a la hora de valorar el riesgo de éxitus que el GNRI. El GNRI infraestima el riesgo nutricional respecto del NRI.

Palabras clave:
Evaluación nutricional
Anciano frágil
Malnutrición
Soporte nutricional
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Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Endocrinología y Nutrición
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