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Available online 3 August 2023
Agreement between pharmacists and physicians on the assessment of appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing
Concordancia entre farmacéuticos y médicos en la evaluación de la adecuación de prescripciones antibióticas
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José María Gutiérrez-Urbóna,
Corresponding author
jose.gutierrez.urbon@sergas.es

Corresponding author.
, Eva Campelo-Sánchezb, Sara Cobo-Sacristánc, Marcelo Domínguez-Canterod, María Victoria Gil-Navarroe, Sonia Luquef, María Eugenia Martínez-Núñezg, Beatriz Mejutoh, Francisco Moreno-Ramosi, Leonor Periañez-Párragaj, Carmen Rodríguez-Gonzálezk, Teresa Rodríguez-Jatoh, members of the Pharmaceutical Care Group for Patients with Infectious Diseases (AFinf) of the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH)
a Department of Pharmacy, University Hospital of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
b Department of Pharmacy, Álvaro Cunqueiro University Hospital, Pontevedra, Spain
c Department of Pharmacy, Bellvitge University Hospital, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
d Department of Pharmacy, Puerto Real University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
e Department of Pharmacy, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Sevilla, Spain
f Department of Pharmacy, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
g Department of Pharmacy, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
h Department of Pharmacy, Santiago University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
i Department of Pharmacy, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
j Department of Pharmacy, Son Espases University Hospital, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
k Department of Pharmacy, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
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Table 1. Assessment of appropriateness and level of agreement between pharmacists and physicians.
Table 2. Agreement by subgroups in overall prescription.
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Abstract
Introduction

Audits for monitoring the quality of antimicrobial prescribing are a main tool in antimicrobial stewardship programs; however, interobserver reliability has not been conclusively assessed. Our objective was to measure the level of agreement between pharmacists and physicians on the appropriateness of antimicrobials prescribing in hospitals.

Methods

A national multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted of patients who were receiving antimicrobials one day of April 2021. Hospital participation was voluntary, and the study population was randomly selected. Pharmacists and physicians performed a simultaneous, independent assessment of the quality of antimicrobial prescriptions. The observers used an assessment method by which all indicators of the quality of antimicrobial use were considered. Finally, an algorithm was used to rate overall antimicrobial prescribing as appropriate, suboptimal, inappropriate, or not assessable. Gwet's AC1 coefficient was used to assess interobserver agreement.

Results

In total, 101 hospitals participated, and 411 hospital antimicrobial prescriptions were reviewed. The strength of agreement was moderate regarding the overall quality of prescribing (AC1=0.51; 95%CI=[0.44–0.58]). A very good level of agreement (AC1>0.80) was observed between pharmacists and physicians in all indicators of the quality, except for duration of treatment, rated as good (AC1=0.79; 95%CI=[0.75–0.83]), and registration on the medical record, rated as fair (AC1=0.34; 95%CI=[0.26–0.43]). The agreement was greater in critical care, onco-hematology, and pediatric units than in medical and surgery units.

Conclusions

In this point prevalence study, a moderate level of agreement was observed between pharmacists and physicians in the evaluation of the appropriateness of antimicrobials prescribing in hospitals.

Keywords:
Antimicrobial stewardship
Cross-sectional studies
Interobserver agreement
Drug use
Anti-infective agents, therapeutic use
Resumen
Introducción

Las auditorías para evaluar la calidad de las prescripciones antibióticas son una herramienta fundamental en los Programas de Optimización del Uso de Antimicrobianos, sin embargo, la concordancia entre evaluadores no ha sido valorada de forma concluyente. El objetivo fue medir el nivel de acuerdo entre farmacéuticos y médicos en la evaluación de la adecuación de las prescripciones antibióticas en hospitales.

Métodos

Estudio multicéntrico, transversal en pacientes hospitalizados que recibieron antibióticos un día de abril de 2021. La participación de los hospitales fue voluntaria, y los pacientes seleccionados aleatoriamente. Farmacéuticos y médicos evaluaron la adecuación de las prescripciones de forma simultánea e independiente utilizando una metódica de evaluación que consideraba indicadores implicados en la calidad del uso de los antibióticos. Finalmente se usó un algoritmo para calificar la prescripción como adecuada, mejorable, inadecuada y no valorable. Se utilizó el coeficiente Gwet's AC1 para valorar la concordancia entre evaluadores.

Resultados

Participaron 101 hospitales y se revisaron 411 prescripciones antibióticas. El acuerdo fue moderado en la calificación global de la prescripción (AC1=0,51; 95%CI=[0,44-0,58]). Se alcanzó un nivel de acuerdo muy bueno (AC1>0,80) en todos los indicadores de calidad, excepto la duración del tratamiento, valorado como bueno (AC1=0,79; 95%CI=[0,75-0,83]), y el registro en la historia clínica, valorado como moderado (AC1=0,34; 95%CI=[0,26-0,43]). El acuerdo fue mayor en unidades de críticos, oncohematología y pediatría que en unidades médicas y quirúrgicas.

Conclusiones

Este estudio de prevalencia registró un nivel de acuerdo moderado entre farmacéuticos y médicos en la evaluación de la adecuación de prescripciones antibióticas en hospitales.

Palabras clave:
Programas de optimización del uso de antimicrobianos
Estudios transversales
Concordancia
Utilización de fármacos
Antiinfecciosos, uso terapéutico

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