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Vol. 24. Issue 6.
Pages 370-372 (July 2006)
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Vol. 24. Issue 6.
Pages 370-372 (July 2006)
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A simple phenotypic method for differentiation between acquired and chromosomal AmpC β-lactamases in Escherichia coli
A simple phenotypic method for differentiation between acquired and chromosomal AmpC β-lactamases in Escherichia coli
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Beatriz Mirelisa,b,
Corresponding author
bmirelis@santpau.es

Correspondencia: Dra. B. Mirelis. Departamento de Microbiología. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Avda. Sant Antoni M.ª Claret, 167. 08025 Barcelona. España.
, Alba Riveraa,b, Elisenda Miróa, Raúl J. Mesaa,b, Ferran Navarroa,b, Pere Colla,b
a Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. España
b Departamento de Genética y Microbiología. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. España
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Background

Screening methods for the detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases are technically demanding. The purpose of this study was to assess screening methods for the detection of these enzymes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis.

Methods

Isolates were selected according to a resistance phenotype consistent with production of an AmpC-type β-lactamase. Detection of acquired ampC genes was done with a multiplex ampC-PCR and sequencing. The phenotypic detection methods evaluated included visual examination of antibiogram plates to identify the presence of scattered colonies located near the edge of the inhibition halo of cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam, and a double-disc synergy test using cloxacillin (500μg) to inhibit AmpC enzymes.

Results

Seventy-seven isolates were selected from among 6,209 isolates recovered. Acquired ampC genes (blaCMY-2, blaDHA-1, blaCMY-4 and blaACC-1) were found in 19 (24.7%) of these isolates, including 14 E. coli, two K. pneumoniae and three P. mirabilis isolates. The differential trait for the presence of colonies in the inhibition halo was 100% sensitive and specific. Similar results were obtained for the cloxacillin test, except for the E. coli isolates in which specificity was 10.3%.

Conclusion

The phenotypic trait described here can be considered useful for suspecting the presence of these enzymes. The cloxacillin test was only useful in isolates lacking a natural AmpC β-lactamase.

Key words:
AmpC β-lactamase
CMY
ACC
DHA
Phenotypic detection
Antecedentes

El disponer de métodos fenotípicos para la detección de β-lactamasas AmpC plasmídicas sería de gran utilidad. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido el de valorar métodos de cribado para la detección de β-lactamasas AmpC plasmídicas en cepas de Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Proteus mirabilis.

Métodos

Se seleccionaron las cepas en función del fenotipo de resistencia compatible con la producción de una β-lactamasa de tipo AmpC. La detección de genes ampC adquiridos se realizó mediante una técnica de multiplex PCR y secuenciación. Los métodos fenotípicos evaluados fueron el examen visual de las placas de antibiograma para detectar colonias en la proximidad del borde de los halos de inhibición de cefoxitina, cefotaxima, ceftazidima y aztreonam, y una prueba de sinergia con doble disco usando cloxacilina (500μg) como inhibidor de enzimas AmpC.

Resultados

Se seleccionaron 77 cepas de las 6.209 aisladas. En 19 (24,7%) cepas que incluyeron 14 E. coli, dos K. pneumoniae y tres P. mirabilis se detectaron genes ampC adquiridos (blaCMY-2, blaDHA-1, blaCMY-4 y blaACC-1). La característica diferencial de la presencia de colonias en el halo de inhibición mostró una sensibilidad y especificidad del 100%. Se obtuvieron resultados similares con el test de cloxacilina, excepto en cepas de E. coli en las que la especificidad fue del 10,3%.

Conclusión

La característica fenotípica aquí descrita puede considerarse útil para la sospecha de la presencia de estas enzimas. El test de cloxacilina sólo resulta de utilidad en cepas carentes de una β-lactamasa AmpC cromosómica.

Palabras clave:
β-lactamasa AmpC
CMY
ACC
DHA
Detección fenotípica
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2006. Elsevier España S.L.. All rights reserved
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