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La vacunación, en su concepto global, es la estrategia más coste-efectiva en la prevención primaria de enfermedades trasmisibles. Una de las mayores dificultades en la población adulta es alcanzar coberturas vacunales semejantes a las de los programas infantiles. Para solucionar dicho déficit, las estrategias desde el nivel de atención primaria son básicas, ya que es el primer nivel de contacto de la población adulta con los programas de salud. Otros niveles, como el terciario, pueden optar a optimizar la cobertura vacunal en grupos específicos de riesgo. La inmunoterapia activa en el adulto se planifica sobre factores de edad y sexo, pero se añaden circunstancias especiales derivadas de situaciones clínicas, terapéuticas, ocupacionales y otras que pueden ampliar el espectro de inmunógenos a administrar a un adulto.
Palabras clave:
Vacunación
Adulto
Promoción de la salud
Vaccination, as a global concept, is the most cost-effective strategy in primary prevention of comunicable diseases. One of the bigger difficulties in adult population is to reach the same vaccine coverage as in childhood vaccine programs. In order to solve this deficit, strategies stablished in the primary level are basic, due the fact that it’s the first contact of adult population with health programs. Tertiary level could help to optimize vaccine coverage in specific groups. Active immunization in adults is stablished evaluating factors as age and gender, but specific circunstances associated with medical conditions, treatments or occupation could extend vaccine administration in adults.
Key words:
Vaccination
Adult
Health promotion
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