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Atazanavir es un inhibidor de la proteasa indicado, en combinación con otros antirretrovirales, como tratamiento inicial de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) o en pacientes pretratados. El tratamiento antirretroviral basado en atazanavir se ha relacionado con una baja frecuencia de hepatotoxicidad, tanto en ensayos clínicos como en estudio de cohortes. Sin embargo, el hallazgo de hiperbilirrubinemia ha resultado común en estos estudios, aunque usualmente no es una causa para la retirada del tratamiento. En pacientes coinfectados por virus de la hepatitis B (VHB) o C (VHC), el grado de respuesta virológica a atazanavir no se encuentra afectada y la incidencia de efectos adversos, salvo en la mayor incidencia de hepatotoxicidad, no es superior a la de los sujetos no coinfectados. La incidencia de hepatotoxicidad grave (grado 3-4) en pacientes coinfectados por el VIH y el VHC que reciben combinaciones de fármacos que incluyen atazanavir es de un 6%. Atazanavir tiene un favorable perfil de tolerabilidad y seguridad en pacientes coinfectados por virus de la hepatitis, incluso en presencia de fibrosis significativa. La menor relación de atazanavir con el desarrollo de resistencia a la insulina, hecho que se ha relacionado con una mayor velocidad de progresión de la fibrosis hepática y una menor tasa de respuesta al tratamiento, supondría un beneficio añadido del uso de atazanavir en pacientes coinfectados y podría servir de argumento adicional para su empleo en estos pacientes.
Palabras clave:
Atazanavir
VIH-1
Virus hepatitis C
Virus hepatitis B
Atazanavir is a protease inhibitor indicated, in combination with other antiretrovirals, as an initial treatment of HIV infection or in previously treated patients. Antiretroviral treatment based on atazanavir has been associated with a low incidence of hepatotoxicity, both in Clinical Trials as well as in cohort studies. However, the finding of hyperbilirubinaemia has been common in these studies, although it usually does not involve withdrawing the treatment. In patients co-infected with hepatitis B or C, the level of virological response to does not appear to be affected and the incidence of adverse effects, except the higher incidence of hepatotoxicity, is no higher than in non-coinfected subjects. The incidence of severe hepatotoxicity (grade 3-4) in patients coinfected by HIV and HVC who receive drug combinations that contain atazanavir is 6%. Atazanavir has a favourable tolerance and safety profile in patients coinfected with hepatitis virus even in the presence of significant fibrosis. The lower association of atazanavir with the development of insulin resistance, a fact that has been associated with increasing the progression to hepatic fibrosis and lower treatment response rates, could be an added benefit of the use atazanavir in coinfected patients and could serve as an additional argument for its use in these patients.
Key words:
Atazanavir
HIV-1
Hepatitis virus C
Hepatitis virus B
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