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Vol. 27. Issue S2.
Etravirina
Pages 2-5 (December 2009)
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Vol. 27. Issue S2.
Etravirina
Pages 2-5 (December 2009)
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Características químicas, mecanismo de acción y actividad antiviral de etravirina
Chemical characteristics, mechanism of action and antiviral activity of etravirine
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Federico García García
Corresponding author
fegarcia@ugr.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Marta Álvarez Estévez, Vicente Guillot Suay
Unidad de Microbiología Molecular, Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
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Resumen

Etravirina (ETR) es un derivado diarilpirimidínico. Se trata de una molécula policíclica, constituida por 3 anillos aromáticos unidos por enlaces sencillos (C20H15BrN60). Ejerce su acción mediante un mecanismo de inhibición no competitiva, al unirse a un bolsillo hidrofóbico (binding pocket), muy cercano al centro activo de la enzima, provocando un cambio alostérico hacia una conformación que distorsiona su estructura e impide la polimerización del ADN. Al tratarse de 3 anillos unidos por enlaces sencillos, la molécula está dotada de una enorme fl exibilidad y capacidad de torsión. Debido a estas características, ETR puede “acomodarse” a cambios conformacionales en el binding pocket, incluidas un gran número de las conformaciones provocadas por las mutaciones de resistencia que aparecen tras el fracaso a regímenes que incluyen efavirenz o nevirapina. Esta particular estructura química explicará gran parte de sus peculiaridades y diferencias en cuanto a su potencia antiviral y su elevada barrera genética. ETR es una molécula muy activa frente a VIH-1. Presenta una elevada barrera genética y ha demostrado actividad antiviral frente a un amplio panel de virus recombinantes que incorporan mutaciones de resistencia a los no análogos de primera generación. De igual modo, ha demostrado ser eficaz frente a diversos subtipos del grupo M del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) 1 (A, B, C, D, F y H y formas recombinantes CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, CRF05_ DF) y frente a aislados de VIH-1 grupo O. ETR, como el resto de no análogos, no ha demostrado actividad antiviral frente a VIH-2.

Palabras clave:
Etravirina
Estructura química
Mecanismo de acción
Actividad antiviral
No análogos de los nucleósidos
VIH
Abstract

Etravirine (ETR) is a diarylpyrimidine derivative with a polycyclic molecule composed of 3 aromatic rings with single bonds between the rings (C20H15BrN60). The drug acts through a mechanism of noncompetitive inhibition on binding to a hydrophobic binding pocket, very close to the active center of the enzyme, provoking an allosteric transition to a conformation that distorts its structure and impedes DNA polymerization.

The 3 rings with single bonds between the rings confer the molecule with great fl exibility and torsion. Because of these characteristics, etravirine can adapt to conformational changes in the binding pocket, including a large number of the conformations provoked by the resistance mutations that appear after failure to regimens that include efavirenz or nevirapine. This specific chemical structure largely explains the drug's distinguishing features in terms of its antiviral potency and high genetic barrier. ETR is a highly active molecule against HIV-1. This drug has a high genetic barrier to resistance and has demonstrated antiviral activity against a wide panel of recombinant viruses that incorporate resistance mutations to first-generation non-nucleoside analogues. Equally, ETR has demonstrated efficacy against several subtypes of the M group of HIV-1 (A, B, C, D, F and H, and recombinant forms CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, CRF05_DF), as well as against isolates of HIV-1 group O. ETR, as the rest of non-nucleoside analogues, does not have demonstrated antiviral activity against HIV-2.

Keywords:
Etravirine
Chemical structure
Mechanism of action
Antiviral activity
Non-nucleoside analogues
HIV
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Copyright © 2009. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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