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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Consideraciones especiales de la neutropenia febril en el paciente pediátrico
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Vol. 23. Issue S5.
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Pages 35-39 (December 2005)
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Vol. 23. Issue S5.
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Pages 35-39 (December 2005)
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
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Consideraciones especiales de la neutropenia febril en el paciente pediátrico
Special features of febrile neutropenia in pediatric patients
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5980
M.Teresa Olivé-Oliverasa,
Corresponding author
tolive@vhebron.net

Correspondencia: Dra. M.T. Olivé Oliveras. Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Infantil. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Paseo Vall d’Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España.
, Isabel Ruiz-Campsb
a Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Infantil. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
b Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital General. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
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Article information

La neutropenia febril es una complicación común en el niño oncohematológico. Se define por la presencia de fiebre ≥ 38,3 °C o ≥ 38 °C durante 1 h, junto con una cifra de neutófilos ≤ 500/μl. Habitualmente estos niños ingresan en el hospital y reciben antibioterapia empírica de amplio espectro. Recientes estudios apoyan la posibilidad de un alta precoz o el manejo ambulatorio para unos casos seleccionados de neutropenia febril. Esto conlleva una disminución del riesgo de infecciones nosocomiales, una reducción del uso indiscriminado de antibióticos de amplio espectro, con la consiguiente disminución de resistencia, toxicidad y costes. Todo ello redundará en una mejor calidad de vida del niño. La incidencia estimada de bacteriemias en niños con neutropenia febril es del 10-36%. Sin embargo, la experiencia de múltiples centros sugiere que no todos los niños tienen el mismo riesgo de complicaciones o muerte debido a la infección, que es muy inferior en comparación con los adultos.

Palabras clave:
Neutropenia febril
Paciente pediátrico
Factores de riesgo
Tratamiento empírico

Febrile neutropenia is a common complication in pediatric oncohematological patients. It is defined by fever ≥ 38.3 °C or ≥ 38 for more than one hour together with a neutrophil count of ≤ 500/μl3. These children are usually admitted to hospital and receive empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Recent studies support the possibility of early discharge or outpatient management in selected cases of febrile neutropenia. This translates into a lower risk of nosocomial infections and a reduction in the discriminate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, with a consequent reduction in resistance, toxicity and costs. All of these factors would improve the patient's quality of life. The estimated incidence of bacteremia in children with febrile neutropenia is 10-36%. However, the experience of multiple centers suggests that not all children have the same risk of complications or death due to infection and that the risk is much lower than that in adults.

Key words:
Febrile neutropenia
Pediatric patients
Risk factors
Empirical treatment
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Copyright © 2005. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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