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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Diagnóstico etiológico de las infecciones respiratorias agudas de origen víri...
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Vol. 24. Issue 9.
Pages 556-561 (November 2006)
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Vol. 24. Issue 9.
Pages 556-561 (November 2006)
Originales
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Diagnóstico etiológico de las infecciones respiratorias agudas de origen vírico en un hospital pediátrico de Gran Canaria
Etiology of acute viral respiratory tract infections in children from Gran Canaria, the Canary Islands (Spain)
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Fernando Artiles-Campeloa,
Corresponding author
fernandoartiles@canariastelecom.com

Correspondencia: Dr. F. Artiles-Campelo. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín. Barranco de la Ballena, s/n. 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España.
, María del Carmen Pérez-Gonzáleza, Araceli Caballero-Hidalgob, María J. Pena-Lópeza
a Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España
b Unidad de Investigación. Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. España
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Objetivo

Las infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) de origen vírico son una causa frecuente de consulta y hospitalización pediátrica. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la etiología de dichas infecciones en la isla de Gran Canaria.

Métodos

Durante 3 años (de mayo de 2002 a mayo de 2005) se recogieron 1957 lavados nasofaríngeos de 1.729 niños atendidos en Urgencias con síntomas compatibles con IRA. En todas las muestras se realizó una técnica rápida de detección de antígeno de virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS) y, en las que se obtuvo resultado negativo, inmunofluorescencia (IF) y cultivo celular (CC).

Resultados

La mediana de edad fue de 2 meses (intervalo: 0,03-119). Se identificó el agente causal del cuadro respiratorio en 1.032 niños (59,7%). El VRS se detectó en 769 niños (74,5%). Los demás virus identificados, por orden de frecuencia, fueron: virus parainfluenza, rinovirus, adenovirus, virus de la gripe, enterovirus y coronavirus. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al comparar la edad y el tipo de virus detectado: los adenovirus fueron responsables de cuadros en niños de mayor edad (mediana: 6 meses; intervalo: 1-74). Hubo 6 casos de infección mixta. La sensibilidad de la IF en relación con el CC fue del 55,8%, y la especificidad del 99,2%.

Conclusiones

Los virus respiratorios son responsables de un alto número de casos de IRA, principalmente el VRS. Su identificación es determinante en el tratamiento clínico de los pacientes y en el empleo adecuado de antibacterianos y antivirales.

Palabras clave:
Infección respiratoria aguda
Virus respiratorios
Diagnóstico etiológico
Pediatría
Gran Canaria
Objective

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) of viral origin are a frequent cause of pediatric consultations and hospital admissions. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology of these infections in Gran Canaria, the Canary Islands, (Spain).

Methods

From May 2002 through May 2005, 1957 nasopharyngeal washings were collected from 1729 children presenting with ARTI to the Pediatric Emergency Unit. A rapid antigen detection method was performed in every sample to identify respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). An immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and cell culture (CC) was used in RSV-negative samples.

Results

Median age was 2 months (range, 0.03-119). A viral agent was identified in 1032 children (59.7%). RSV was detected in 769 children (74.5%). Other viruses identified, in order of frequency, were parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza viruses, enteroviruses, and coronaviruses. Statistical differences were found between age and the type of virus detected: Adenoviruses caused respiratory infections in older children (median age: 6 months; range: 1-74). There were 6 mixed infections. Sensitivity of IFA as compared to CC was 55.8%, and specificity was 99.2%.

Conclusions

Respiratory viruses are responsible for a large number of ARTI cases in children from Gran Canaria, RSV being the major cause. Viral identification is determinant for managing these patients and making a proper use of antibacterial and antiviral drugs.

Key words:
Acute respiratory tract infection
Respiratoryviruses
Etiologic diagnosis
Pediatrics
Gran Canaria
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Copyright © 2006. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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