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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Diarrea por adenovirus y astrovirus en pacientes inmunodeficientes hospitalizado...
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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 7-10 (January 2001)
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Vol. 19. Issue 1.
Pages 7-10 (January 2001)
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Diarrea por adenovirus y astrovirus en pacientes inmunodeficientes hospitalizados
Adenovirus and astrovirus diarrhea in immunocompromissed hospitalized patients
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Mercedes Treviño1, Elisabeth Prieto, Dolores Peñalver, Antonio Aguilera, Ángeles García-Zabarte, Carlos García-Riestra, Benito J. Regueiro
Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela. La Coruña
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Fundamento

La diarrea, aguda o crónica, es una complicación común en los pacientes inmunodeprimidos tales como los infectados por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), sometidos a trasplantes de médula ósea o de órgano sólido y aquéllos con leucemias u otras alteraciones del sistema inmunitario. Dada la importancia de reconocer las posibles etiologías de la diarrea a al ahora de administrar una terapia antimicrobiana específica o evitar un diagnóstico incorrecto de rechazo postrasplante, hemos investigado la presencia de antígeno de astrovirus y adenovirus en las heces de pacientes inmunodeprimidos.

Pacientes Y MÉTodos

Se analizaron las heces de 258 pacientes inmunodeprimidos hospitalizados en el Complejo Hospitalaria Universitario de Santiago de Compostela y diagnosticados de diarrea durante 1997- 99. La detección de los antígenos víricos se realizó mediante enzimoinmunoanálisis (EIA). También se analizaron para otros enteropatógenos comunes.

Resultados

El antígeno de adenovirus fue positivo en 5 casos (2%) y el astrovirus en 12 (5%). Los pacientes más frecuentemente afectados fueron los prematuros y los hematológicos. Se detectó antígeno de astrovirus en tres pacientes infectados por VIH. La mayoría de los casos positivos presentaban una alteración de la flora intestinal o presencia de toxina de Clostridium difficile, ambas situaciones relacionadas con tratamiento antibiótico prolongado.

Conclusiones

Los astrovirus y los adenovirus son enteropatógenos a considerar en individuos inmunocomprometidos hospitalizados. Es, pues, conveniente realizar un diagnóstico certero de la etiología de la diarrea de cara a la administración de un tratamiento antimicrobiano, en los casos en que éste sea necesario, o evitar un diagnóstico incorrecto de rechazo postrasplante.

Palabras clave:
adenovirus
astrovirus
inmunodeficiencia
Background

Acute or chronic diarrheal illness are common complications in immunosupressed patients such as human immunodeficiency virus (VIH)-infected, bone marrow or solid organ trasplanted patients and those with leukaemias or other immune deficiency disorders. Due to the importance of recognizing the feasibles etiologies of diarrhea in order to give the proper antimicrobial chemotherapy or to avoid a misdiagnosis of rejection in the case of transplantated patients, we have investigated adenovirus and astrovirus antigen in faeces from different immunosupressed patients.

Patients a n d methods

Stool samples from 258 immunodeficient patients hospitalized at Universitary Hospital Complex of Santiago of Compostela with acute or persistent diarrhea were collected between 1997-99 and assayed for astrovirus and adenovirus antigen. Viral antigen was detected by EIA. Other common enteric pathogens were also assayed.

Results

Adenovirus antigen was positive in 5 cases (2%) and astrovirus antigen in 12 cases (5%). The most commonly patients infected was those with haematologic disorders and premature infants. HIVinfected patients were positive for astroviurs antigen in 3 cases. The majority of the cases were related with disbacteriosis intestinal or other circumstances, such as Clostridium difficile infection, both associated with prolonged antimicrobial therapy.

Conclusions

Astrovirus and adenovirus have to be considered as enteropathogens specially in immunocompromissed hospitalized patients. An accurate diagnosis about diarrhea etiology is advisable in order to give a specific antimicrobial therapy, when it be necessary, or to avoid a misdiagnosis of rejection, in transplantated patients.

Keywords:
Adenovirus
astrovirus
immunodeficiency
diarrhea
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Copyright © 2001. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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