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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Efectos secundarios asociados al raltegravir
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Vol. 26. Issue S12.
Raltegravir: el primer inhibidor de la integrasa del VIH
Pages 34-39 (November 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S12.
Raltegravir: el primer inhibidor de la integrasa del VIH
Pages 34-39 (November 2008)
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Efectos secundarios asociados al raltegravir
Secondary effects associated with raltegravir
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José M. Gatell
Corresponding author
gatell0@attglobal.net

Correspondencia: Servicio de Infecciones. Hospital Clinic. IDIBAPS. Universidad de Barcelona. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. España.
, Laura Zamora
Servicio de Infecciones. Hospital Clinic. IDIBAPS. Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona. España
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Los inhibidores de la integrasa son una nueva modalidad terapéutica contra el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Raltegravir es el primer inhibidor de la integrasa que tiene la aprobación de las autoridades sanitarias para su uso en humanos. Actúa inhibiendo la enzima del VIH que cataliza la integración del virus en el interior del genoma de la célula hospedadora. En la célula hospedadora no existe un homólogo de la integrasa viral, por lo que su potencial toxicidad es probablemente baja. Los resultados de los estudios de seguridad en modelos animales han demostrado que la dosis recomendada en humanos es menor que la dosis por debajo de la cual no se observaron efectos secundarios. Los estudios de genotoxicidad y carcinogenicidad, así como los de fertilidad y desarrollo embrionario han resultado negativos hasta la fecha. Durante los ensayos clínicos, raltegravir ha mostrado un perfil de seguridad muy bueno, con escasos efectos adversos, de intensidad de leve a moderada y similar al comparador. Los más destacables fueron diarrea, náuseas y cefalea. Es destacable que el perfil lipídico de raltegravir resultó mejor que el de efavirenz. Por todo ello, se puede afirmar que el análisis riesgo-beneficio para raltegravir es positivo.

Palabras clave:
Raltegravir
Inhibidor de la integrasa
Integrasa viral
Efectos adversos
Integración

Integrase inhibitors are a new therapeutic modality against HIV. Raltegravir is the first integrase inhibitor to have been approved by the health authorities for human use. This drug acts by inhibiting the HIV enzyme that catalyzes integration of the virus inside the genome of the host cell. In the host cell, there is no homologue to viral integrase and consequently the potential toxicity of this drug is probably low. The results of safety studies in animal models have shown that the recommended dose in humans is lower than the dose below which no secondary effects are observed. Studies of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity, as well as of fertility and embryo development, have been negative to date. During clinical trials, raltegravir has been shown to have a very good safety profile, with few adverse effects, which were mildto-moderate and similar to those of the comparator. The most notable were diarrhea, nausea and headache. The lipid profile of raltegravir was better than that of efavirenz. In view of the above, the risk-benefit ratio for raltegravir is positive.

Key words:
Raltegravir
Integrase inhibitor
Viral integrase
Adverse effects
Integration
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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