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Vol. 26. Issue S7.
La hepatitis B en 2008
Pages 39-48 (May 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S7.
La hepatitis B en 2008
Pages 39-48 (May 2008)
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Entecavir
Entecavir
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2160
José Luis Callejaa,
Corresponding author
JLCPAN@terra.es

Correspondencia: Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro. San Martín de Porres, 4. 28035 Madrid. España.
, Beatriz Peñasb
a Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro. Madrid. España
b Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
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Article information

La hepatitis crónica por virus de la hepatitis B continúa siendo un grave problema de salud mundial. El hecho de que una alta carga viral se relacione con una mayor progresión a cirrosis y hepatocarcinoma en estos pacientes hace necesaria la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos que logren una rápida, potente y duradera supresión de la replicación viral. El entecavir es un nuevo antiviral muy potente que ha demostrado, en estudios en fase II y III, su superioridad con respecto a placebo y lamivudina en los pacientes infectados de forma crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B, en términos de mejoría histológica, eficacia para lograr la supresión de la replicación viral y normalización de la cifra de transaminasas. Su tolerabilidad es buena, ya que sus efectos secundarios, en su mayoría, suelen ser leves o moderados, con una incidencia de aparición similar a la encontrada con placebo o lamivudina. Además, en pacientes naïve no se ha objetivado la aparición de resistencias tras 3 años de tratamiento. Sin embargo, en pacientes con resistencia previa a lamivudina, la incidencia de las recidivas alcanza en torno al 15% a los 3 años. Se necesitan más estudios que lo comparen con las otras opciones terapéuticas disponibles en la actualidad, así como ensayos a más largo plazo para evaluar su seguridad, pero parece que el entecavir va ocupar un lugar preponderante en el tratamiento de los pacientes crónicamente infectados por el virus de la hepatitis B.

Palabras clave:
Entecavir
Hepatitis crónica por virus de la hepatitis B
Lamivudina
Adefovir dipivoxil
Supresión viral
Resistencias

Chronic hepatitis B continues to be a serious problem worldwide. Because a high viral load is associated with greater progression to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma in these patients, new drugs that achieve rapid, potent and lasting suppression of viral replication must be sought. Entecavir is a new, highly potent antiviral agent; phase II and III studies have demonstrated this drug to be superior to placebo and lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus in terms of histological improvement, efficacy in achieving suppression of viral replication and normalizing transaminase counts. The drug is well tolerated, since its adverse effects are usually mild or moderate and their incidence is similar to that found with placebo or lamivudine. Moreover, in treatment-naïve patients, no resistance has been observed after 3 years of therapy. However, in patients with prior resistance to lamivudine, the incidence of resistance is approximately 15% at 3 years. Further studies are required that compare this drug with other currently available therapeutic options, as well as longer term trials to evaluate its safety. It seems that entecavir will occupy a major place in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

Key words:
Entecavir
Chronic hepatitis B
Lamivudine
Adefovir dipivoxil
Viral supresión
Resistance
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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