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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Estudio comparativo de los factores de riesgo y pronósticos de mortalidad en la...
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Vol. 20. Issue 9.
Pages 435-442 (November 2002)
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Vol. 20. Issue 9.
Pages 435-442 (November 2002)
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Estudio comparativo de los factores de riesgo y pronósticos de mortalidad en las bacteriemias-fungemias polimicrobianas de un hospital universitario: evolución en 10 años
Prognostic factors and mortality outcome of polymicrobial bacteremia in a university hospital: evolution after a 10-year interval
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José Manuel Ruiz-Giardína,1
Corresponding author
chruiz@terra.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.M. Ruiz-Giardín. Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. Diego de León, 62. 28006 Madrid. España.
, A. Nogueradoa, A. Pizarroa, J. Méndeza, F. La Hullaa, M. Fernándeza, F. Hernándeza, J.V. San Martína, I. Hernándeza, J. Álvarezb, F. Salvanesc
a Servicio de Medicina Interna-Infecciosas
b Servicio de Microbiología
c Unidad de Epidemiología Clínica. Hospital Universitario de La Princesa. Madrid. España
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Objetivo

Se han estudiado 82 episodios de bacteriemias-fungemias polimicrobianas (BFP) en dos diferentes períodos (1986-1987 y 1996-1997) para valorar las diferencias en los factores pronósticos con evolución a muerte.

Método

Estudio prospectivo, concurrente y anterógrado con análisis univariado de todos los episodios de BFP en el Hospital de La Princesa. Posteriormente se realizó regresión logística de todas las variables que presentaron significación estadística en el análisis univariado en al menos alguno de los dos períodos.

Resultados

Las variables con diferencias en la incidencia entre los períodos de estudio estadísticamente significativas fueron adquisición intrahospitalaria, uso previo de antibióticos, manipulaciones genitourinarias, respiratorias y cardiovasculares, metástasis sépticas y ausencia de leucocitosis, que fueron más frecuentes durante 1986-1987 que durante 1996-1997. Globalmente el riesgo relativo (RR) de evolución a muerte fue 5 veces mayor durante el primer período que en el segundo (RR, 5,6 [IC, 1,76-17,56]) p < 0,001. Las variables que se asociaron a incremento de la mortalidad durante el primer período fueron: presencia de enfermedad de base (RR, 2,20 [IC, 1,18-4,08]), tratamiento esteroideo (RR, 4,24 [IC, 0,68-26,59]), hipotensión (RR, 2,05 [IC, 1,0-4,17]), y presencia de coagulación intravascular diseminada (CID) (RR, 2,31 [IC, 1,69-3,35]). Las variables asociadas a muerte en el segundo período fueron: hipotensión (RR, 1,44 [IC, 1,01-2,08]), la presencia de enfermedad de base (RR, 1,16 [IC, 1,02-1,34]), y la existencia de CID (RR, 6,40 [IC, 1,15-35,69]). Las variables que de forma independiente incrementan la mortalidad en las bacteriemias polimicrobianas son: período (RR, 2,05 [IC, 1,50-2,10]), presencia de enfermedad de base (RR, 7,05 [IC, 2,68-7,50]), y la existencia de hipotensión (RR, 7,06 [IC, 3,80-7,29]).

Conclusión

En el período entre 1986-1987 la mortalidad asociada a BFP fue 5 veces mayor que entre 1996-1997. Las variables que de forma independiente se asocian a este incremento de la mortalidad son la existencia de enfermedad de base, la presencia de hipotensión y el propio período (que incluiría toda una serie de variables que no se han analizado en este trabajo).

Palabras clave:
Bacteriemia-fungemia polimicrobiana
Factores pronósticos
Evolución
Objective

Eighty-two episodes of polymicrobial bacteremia in two time periods, (1986-87) and (1996-97), were compared to assess differences in risk factors and outcome to mortality.

Methods

A prospective, concurrent, anterograde study with univariate analysis of all episodes of polymicrobial bacteremia was performed in Hospital de la Princesa. Logistic regression analysis was applied to all significant variables (p < 0.05) in the univariate analysis in either of the two time periods.

Results

Variables showing statistically significant differences in incidence between the two time periods included the following: hospital acquired bacteremia; previous use of antibiotics; genitourinary, respiratory and cardiovascular manipulations; septic metastases; and absence of leukocytosis. These factors were more frequently present during 1986-87 than during 1996-97. The overall RR of outcome to mortality was five-fold greater during the first period than the second: RR 5.6 (CI 1.76-17.56) p < 0.001. The clinical characteristics at the onset of bacteremia associated with mortality in the first period were: underlying disease - < RR 2.20 (CI 1.18-4.08), steroid treatment - < RR 4.24 (CI 0.68-26.59), hypotension - < RR 2.05 (CI 1.0-4.17), and disseminated intravascular coagulation - < RR 2.31 (CI 1.69-3.35). Clinical characteristics at the onset of bacteremia associated with mortality in the second period were: hypotension - < RR 1.44 (CI 1.01-2.08), underlying disease - < RR 1.16 (CI 1.02-1.34), and disseminated intravascular coagulation - < RR 6.40 (CI 1.15-35.69). The variables independently associated with mortality in polymicrobial bacteremia were: period - < RR 2.05 (CI 1.50-2.10), underlying disease - < RR 7.05 (CI 2.68-7.50), hypotension - < RR 7.06 (CI 3.80-7.29), and (probably) vascular manipulations - < RR 3.41 (CI 0.85-4.53).

Conclusion

Polymicrobial bacteremia-associated mortality was five-fold greater in 1986-87 than in 1996-97. The variables independently associated with mortality risk were underlying disease, hypotension, the period studied (which would include a number of variables not analyzed in this work) and, probably, vascular manipulations.

Key words:
Polymicrobial bacteremia-fungemia
Risk factors
Evolution
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