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Vol. 22. Issue 7.
Pages 377-380 (August 2004)
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Vol. 22. Issue 7.
Pages 377-380 (August 2004)
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Etiología de la otitis media aguda en un hospital pediátrico y sensibilidad a los antibióticos de los microorganismos implicados
Etiology of acute otitis media in a children’s hospital and antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria involved
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Amadeu Gené1
Corresponding author
agene@hsjdbcn.org

Correspondencia: Dr. A. Gené;. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Sant Joan de Dé;u. P.° Sant Joan de Déu, 2. 08950 Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona. España.
, Juan José García-García, Araceli Domingo, Peter Wienberg, Edgar Palacín
Servicios de Microbiología y Pediatría. Unidad de Infectología Pediátrica y Otorrinolaringología. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Esplugues de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
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Fundamento

El objetivo de este estudio es conocer de forma actualizada la etiología bacteriana de la otitis media aguda (OMA) y la sensibilidad antibiótica de los microorganismos implicados, así como determinar la prevalencia de los serotipos circulantes de Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Métodos

Se han estudiado retrospectivamente 240 muestras de secreción ótica obtenidas por aspiración mediante timpanocentesis diagnóstica y 167 muestras obtenidas mediante frotis de secreción espontánea, procesadas entre los años 1999 y 2001.

Resultados

La edad media del total de pacientes incluidos en el estudio fue de 17 meses y la mediana de 13 meses (rango, 1 mes-7 años).

De las muestras obtenidas por timpanocentesis en 67 (27,9%) se aisló S. pneumoniae; en 60 (25%), Haemophilus influenzae; en 3 (1,3%), S. pneumoniae y H. influenzae, y en 6 (2,5%), Moraxella catarrhalis. En las muestras obtenidas por frotis de secreción ótica espontánea en 15 (9%) se aisló S. pneumoniae, en 25 (15%) H. influenzae y en 1 (0,6%) S. pneumoniae y H. influenzae. El resto de muestras fueron negativas o se aislaron microorganismos colonizadores.

El 49,3% de las cepas de S. pneumoniae tenían sensibilidad intermedia (concentración inhibitoria mínima [CIM]: 0,12-1 μg/ml) y 16,9% fueron resistentes (CIM: >= 2 μg/ml) frente a penicilina y el 54% de las cepas fueron resistentes a macrólidos.

El 24,7% de las cepas de H. influenzae aisladas eran productoras de betalactamasas y, por tanto, resistentes a ampicilina, así como todas las cepas de M. catarrhalis.

De las 76 cepas de S. pneumoniae en que se dispone del serotipo, 64 (84,2%) pertenecen a los serotipos incluidos en la vacuna neumocócica heptavalente.

Conclusiones

S. pneumoniae y H. influenzae destacan como los principales agentes etiológicos de la OMA con una sensibilidad antibiótica que sigue el patrón general de resistencias de nuestro país.

El cultivo de secreción ótica espontánea tiene escasa utilidad para establecer la etiología de la OMA.

El conocimiento de la actual distribución de serotipos de S. pneumoniae es la referencia para valorar los posibles cambios epidemiológicos debidos a la introducción de la vacuna neumocócica heptavalente.

Palabras clave:
Otitis media aguda
Etiología
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Background

This study provides an update on the bacterial etiology of acute otitis media in our area, the antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria implicated in this condition, and the prevalence of circulating Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes.

Methods

Results from a total of 240 samples obtained by diagnostic tympanocentesis and 167 samples of spontaneous otorrhea processed between 1999 and 2001 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results

The mean age of the patients studied was 17 months and the median was 13 months (range: 1 month–7 years).

Among the tympanocentesis samples, S. pneumoniae was recovered from 67 (27.9%), Haemophilus influenzae from 60 (25%), both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from 3 (1.3%) and Moraxella catarrhalis from 6 (2.5%). Among the spontaneous otorrhea samples, S. pneumoniae was recovered from 15 (9%), H. influenzae from 25 (15%) and both S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae from 1 (0.6%). The remaining samples showed either no growth or recovery of colonizing flora.

The main findings were as follows: 49.3% of S. pneumoniae strains showed intermediate sensitivity to penicillin (MIC: 0.12-1 μg/ml), 16,9% were resistant to penicillin (MIC: < 2 μg/ml) and 54% were resistant to macrolides; 24,7% of H. influenzae and 100% of M. catarrhalis strains were β-lactamase producers; and 64 (84,2%) of 76 S. pneumoniae serotyped strains belonged to pneumococcal heptavalent vaccine serotypes.

Conclusions

S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae were the main causal agents of acute otitis media. Antibiotic sensitivity of the bacteria involved showed the same characteristics as the general pattern in our country. Spontaneous otorrhea culture was not a useful method for establishing the etiology of acute otitis media. Knowledge of the distribution of S. pneumoniae serotypes is essential for assessing epidemiological changes resulting from the use of heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine.

Key words:
Acute otitis media
Etiology
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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