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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Manejo del paciente neutropénico con fiebre
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Vol. 23. Issue S5.
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Pages 24-29 (December 2005)
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Vol. 23. Issue S5.
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Pages 24-29 (December 2005)
Infecciones en pacientes neutropénicos
Full text access
Manejo del paciente neutropénico con fiebre
Management of febrile neutropenic patients
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10062
Isidro Jarquea,
Corresponding author
jarque_isi@gva.es

Correspondencia: Dr. I. Jarque. Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Avda. Campanar, 21. 46009 Valencia. España.
, Miguel Salavertb, Miguel A. Sanza
a Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
b Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
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La neutropenia febril de alto riesgo requiere tratamiento hospitalario. Los patrones de resistencia de los patógenos predominantes en cada centro son determinantes en la elección de antibióticos. La monoterapia con un betalactámico antiseudomonas puede ser la opción inicial para la mayoría de los pacientes. Sin embargo, debe considerarse de entrada la combinación con aminoglucósidos si hay un foco infeccioso distinto del catéter, una colonización por gramnegativos no fermentadores o un tratamiento con betalactámico en el mes previo, con glucopéptidos si hay un foco infeccioso en el catéter, colonización por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina o mucositis grave, y con ambos si hay criterios de sepsis grave. Si no se documenta la infección, la suspensión de los glucopéptidos y/o los aminoglucósidos debe hacerse precozmente. En los pacientes con fiebre persistente, la terapia antifúngica empírica tiene un papel destacado. En las infecciones documentadas graves, la terapia debe mantenerse un mínimo de 14 días. La terapia adyuvante con factores estimuladores de la granulopoyesis está indicada en la mayoría de los casos.

Palabras clave:
Neutropenia febril
Terapia antibiótica empírica
Alto riesgo

High risk febrile neutropenia requires hospital treatment. The choice of antibiotic is determined by the resistance patterns of the pathogens predominating in each center. Monotherapy with an antipseudomonal beta-lactam can be the initial choice in most patients. However, initial betalactam-aminoglycoside combination therapy should be considered with infectious foci other than the catheter, in non-fermenting Gram-negative colonization, and when the patient has received beta-lactam treatment in the previous month. Combination therapy with glycopeptides should be considered if the focus of infection is the catheter, if there is colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or severe mucositis and both agents should be administered if there are criteria for severe sepsis. If there is no microbiologically documented infection, glycopeptides and/or aminoglycosides should be withdrawn promptly. Empirical antifungal therapy plays an important role in patients with persistent fever. In severe microbiologically documented infections, therapy should be maintained for a minimum of 14 days. Adjuvant therapy with granulopoiesis-stimulating factors is indicated in most patients.

Key words:
Febrile neutropenia
Empirical antibiotic therapy
High risk
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Copyright © 2005. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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