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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Métodos de determinación del tropismo viral: tests genotípicos y fenotípicos
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Vol. 26. Issue S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Pages 40-48 (October 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S11.
Maraviroc, el primer antagonista de los receptores de VIH
Pages 40-48 (October 2008)
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Métodos de determinación del tropismo viral: tests genotípicos y fenotípicos
Methods for determining viral tropism: genotype and phenotype tests
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Mayte Perez-Olmedaa,
Corresponding author
mayteperez@isciii.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Inmunopatología del Sida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Sinesio Delgado, 6. 28029 Madrid. España.
, Eva Povedab
a Unidad de Inmunopatologia del Sida. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Madrid. España
b Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Carlos III. Madrid. España
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La reciente aprobación del primer antagonista de CCR5, maraviroc (MVC, Celsentri®), con una actividad antiviral específica frente a variantes virales R5-trópicas ha generado la necesidad de disponer de ensayos para la determinación del tropismo viral en todos los pacientes candidatos a iniciar tratamiento con este nuevo fármaco. Aunque los métodos genotípicos parecen ser la herramienta más útil por su rapidez y sencillez, en el caso del tropismo viral, las técnicas fenotípicas son actualmente consideradas las más fiables. En los últimos años, se han desarrollado diferentes ensayos fenotípicos para la determinación del uso del correceptor. Sin embargo, el ensayo fenotípico de Trofile™ es el ensayo utilizado actualmente para la determinación de tropismo, ya que es el único que cuenta con validación clínica. Dado que la presencia de variantes X4-trópicas en la población viral se ha asociado con fracaso virológico a MVC, el principal reto de las herramientas tanto genotípicas como fenotípicas es optimizar su sensibilidad para la detección de variantes X4-trópicas presentes de forma minoritaria en la población viral. Al mismo tiempo, se está evaluando la correlación entre métodos genotípicos y fenotípicos para determinar si las herramientas genotípicas pueden utilizarse para tomar decisiones terapéuticas.

Palabras clave:
VIH
Tropismo viral
Genotipo y fenotipo

The recent approval of the first CCR5 antagonist, Maraviroc (MVC, Celsentri®), with specific antiviral activity against R5-tropic virus variants has generated the need for studies to determine the viral tropism in all those patient candidates for starting treatment with this new drug. Although genotyping methods appear to be the most useful tool due to its speed and simplicity, in the case of viral tropism, phenotyping techniques are currently considered the most reliable. In the last few years, different phenotyping assays have been developed to determine the use of the co-receptor. However, the Trofile™ phenotype assay is currently the one most used for the determination of tropism, since it is the only one that has been clinically validated. Given that the presence of X4-tropic variants in the viral population has been associated with virological failure to MVC, the main challenge of both genotyping and phenotyping tools is to optimise their sensitivity for detecting X4-tropic variants present in a minority of the viral population. At the same time, the correlation between genotyping/phenotyping methods is being evaluated to determine whether genotyping tools can be useful to make therapeutic decisions.

Key words:
HIV
Viral tropism
Genotype and phenotype
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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