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La epidemiología global o a largo plazo tiene como objetivo el trazado preciso de los procesos de dispersión de líneas clonales, asociadas a altos niveles de virulencia, a determinada resistencia o a multirresistencia frente a uno o varios agentes antimicrobianos, etc. Por lo tanto, un sistema de tipificación aplicado a este nivel, debe producir resultados que sean fácilmente intercambiables entre laboratorios alejados geográficamente entre sí, así como detectar las diferentes líneas clonales incluso en presencia de bajos niveles de variabilidad acumulada en el genoma. Un marcador basado en secuencia de ADN puede producir unos resultados objetivos (secuencias de letras) que son fácilmente almacenados en bases de datos accesibles mediante Internet. La aplicación de una estrategia similar a la ya utilizada en el análisis de isoenzimas, con la secuenciación de fragmentos variables de genes housekeeping seleccionados va a permitir obtener una visión global de la distribución de los principales complejos clonales en la población analizada, además de trazar su proceso de dispersión.
Palabras clave:
MLST
Epidemiología molecular
Líneas clonales
Global or longer term epidemiology track the spread of clonal lineages, associated with hipervirulence or resistance or multi-resistance to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the application of a molecular typing system for this purpose should produce data easily shared by different and geographically distant laboratories, as well as distinguish those clonal lineages even with low levels of variability accumulated in the genome. A marker based on the DNA sequence will produce objective results easily organized in data bases accessible by Internet. The application of a similar strategy that was used in the analysis of isoenzymes, by sequencing variable fragments of selected housekeeping genes, will allow obtaining a general view of the distribution of the clonal lineages and tracking their spread.
Key words:
MLST
Molecular epidemiology
Clonal lineages
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