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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Papel de la anidulafungina en el paciente con trasplante de órgano sólido
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Vol. 26. Issue S14.
Anidulafungina en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 29-34 (December 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S14.
Anidulafungina en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 29-34 (December 2008)
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Papel de la anidulafungina en el paciente con trasplante de órgano sólido
Role of anidulafungin in solid organ transplant recipients
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2602
José M. Aguadoa,
Corresponding author
jaguadog@medynet.com

Correspondencia: Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Edificio Materno-Infantil. Planta 6.ª. Avda. Andalucía, km 5,400. 28041 Madrid. España.
, Josefina Ayatsb
a Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge. L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Barcelona. España
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La incidencia de infección fúngica invasora (IFI) en pacientes con trasplante de órgano sólido (TOS) es variable según el tipo de trasplante. Una gran mayoría de estas infecciones son debidas a Candida spp. y menos frecuentemente a Aspergillus spp o a otros hongos, como Cryptococcus spp. En la actualidad, la mortalidad general por IFI en pacientes con TOS oscila entre el 25 y el 80% y la mitad de estas muertes están directamente relacionadas con la infección fúngica. Hay factores de riesgo bien caracterizados que favorecen el desarrollo de IFI en estos pacientes y que nos permiten dirigir la profilaxis antifúngica a los pacientes de mayor riesgo.

Las candinas son una nueva familia de fármacos antifúngicos potencialmente útiles tanto en el tratamiento como en la profilaxis de la IFI en el paciente con TOS. La anidulafungina tiene mejor espectro de acción y menor toxicidad que la caspofungina. Anidulafungina tiene buena actividad antifúngica in vitro contra Candida y Aspergillus spp. Uno de los aspectos más interesantes de anidulafungina, con respecto al paciente con TOS, es que no es metabolizada ni eliminada por el riñón, de forma que no exige ajustes de la dosis en estos pacientes en quienes son frecuentes las alteraciones de la función renal. Por otro lado, tampoco se metaboliza en el hígado, por lo que no hay interferencias con otros fármacos metabolizados en ese órgano ni se requiere modificaciones de la dosis en hepatopatías graves ni con el uso de inmunosupresores, como prednisona, ciclosporina A, tacrolimus, micofenolato mofetilo o sirolimus. Aunque la experiencia es todavía muy limitada, estos datos apuntan a que la anidulafungina será de gran ayuda en el manejo clínico de pacientes con TOS.

Palabras clave:
Anidulafungina
Trasplante de órgano sólido
Infección fúngica
Aspergillus
Candida

The incidence of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients varies according to the type of transplant. Most of these infections are due to Candida spp. and less frequently to Aspergillus spp. or other fungi such as Cryptococcus spp. Currently, overall mortality due to invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients ranges between 25% and 80% and half of these deaths are directly related to the fungal infection. A number of well-defined risk factors favor the development of invasive fungal infections in these patients and allow antifungal prophylaxis in high-risk patients.

The candins are a new class of antifungal agent with potential use both in the treatment and in the prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Anidulafungin has a wider spectrum of action and lower toxicity than caspofungin. Anidulafungin has good in vitro antifungal activity against Candida and Aspergillus spp. One of the most interesting features of anidulafungin in solid organ transplant recipients is that this drug is not metabolized by or eliminated through the kidney so that dosage adjustments are not required in these patients, who frequently show renal function alterations.

Moreover, anidulafungin is not metabolized in the liver and is consequently free of interactions with other drugs metabolized in this organ. Equally, dosage adjustments are not required in patients with severe liver disease or in those administered immunosuppressive agents such as prednisone, cyclosporin A, tacrolimus, mofetil mycophenolate or sirolimus. Although experience is still limited, these data suggest that anidulafungin will be highly useful in the clinical management of solid organ transplant recipients.

Key words:
Anidulafungin
Solid organ transplantation
Fungal infection
Aspergillus
Candida
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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