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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Papel de las bacterias grampositivas en la infección intraabdominal
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Vol. 26. Issue S2.
Infecciones por grampositivos: perspectivas terapéuticas actuales
Pages 61-68 (January 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S2.
Infecciones por grampositivos: perspectivas terapéuticas actuales
Pages 61-68 (January 2008)
Infecciones por grampositivos: perspectivas terapéuticas actuales
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Papel de las bacterias grampositivas en la infección intraabdominal
Role of Gram-positive bacteria in intra-abdominal infections
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Almudena Burilloa, Emilio Bouzab,
Corresponding author
ebouza@microb.net

Correspondencia: Dr. E. Bouza. Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Dr. Esquerdo, 46. 28007 Madrid. España.
a Servicio de Microbiología Clínica. Hospital Madrid Norte-Sanchinarro. Madrid. España
b Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Madrid. España
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El papel que las bacterias grampositivas desempeñan como agentes causales de la infección intraabdominal es muy variable. Depende básicamente de la situación de base del paciente, del lugar de adquisición de la enfermedad, de su tiempo de evolución y del tratamiento antimicrobiano previo administrado. Depende igualmente de la localización y el tipo de infección. No cabe duda que los microorganismos grampositivos aerobios y facultativos constituyen la causa o parte de la causa de una alta proporción de dichas infecciones y que con frecuencia dichos microorganismos tienen mecanismos de resistencia que les hacen difícilmente tratables con antimicrobianos convencionales. El papel, en esas circunstancias, de fármacos como linezolid, ertapenem, tigeciclina y daptomicina está todavía poco estudiado. Se dispone de datos sólo para algunos de los fármacos y sólo en algunas de las indicaciones, y es evidente que se precisa más información en muchas circunstancias. Es indudable, sin embargo, que dichos antibacterianos van a tener un papel relevante en el futuro en el tratamiento de algunas infecciones intraabdominales, particularmente, en las producidas por microorganismos multirresistentes y difíciles de tartar con terapia convencional.

Palabras clave:
Infección intraabdominal
Peritonitis
Peritonitis bacteriana espontánea
Peritonitis secundaria
Peritonitis terciaria
Multirresistencia

The role played by Gram-positive bacteria as causal agents of intra-abdominal infection is highly variable, depending mainly on the patient's underlying situation, where the infection is acquired, the time since onset, and prior antibiotic therapy. Localization and type of infection are also important. There is no doubt that aerobic and facultative Gram-positive microorganisms are undoubtedly the cause or part of the cause of a high proportion of these infections and that these microorganisms frequently have resistance mechanisms that hamper treatment with conventional antimicrobial agents. The role of drugs such as linezolid, ertapenem, tigecycline and daptomycin in these circumstances has been little studied. Data are available for only a few drugs and some of the indications and in many circumstances further information is evidently required. Undoubtedly, however, these antibacterial agents will play an important role in the future in the treatment of some intra-abdominal infections, particularly those produced by multiresistant microorganisms that are hard to treat with conventional therapy.

Key words:
Intra-abdominal infection
Peritonitis
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Secondary peritonitis
Tertiary peritonitis
Drug resistance, multiple
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