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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Potencial de anidulafungina en el paciente hematológico
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Vol. 26. Issue S14.
Anidulafungina en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 44-50 (December 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S14.
Anidulafungina en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 44-50 (December 2008)
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Potencial de anidulafungina en el paciente hematológico
Potential of anidulafungin in hematological patients
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2668
Lourdes Vázquez Lópeza,
Corresponding author
lvazlo@usal.es

Correspondencia: Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. Paseo de San Vicente, s/n. 37007 Salamanca. España.
, Isabel Ruiz Campsb
a Servicio de Hematología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. Salamanca. España
b Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
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Hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo, el tratamiento disponible para las infecciones fúngicas invasoras (IFI) en pacientes hematológicos constaba de anfotericina B y azoles. Cada uno de estos grupos presentaba sus limitaciones y efectos secundarios. Las equinocandinas son una nueva clase de antifúngicos que han demostrado resultados prometedores en el tratamiento de numerosas IFI. Anidulafungina es una nueva equinocandina que, además de presentar una potente actividad in vitro contra Aspergillus spp. y Candida spp. (incluidos los microorganismos resistentes a fluconazol o anfotericina B), tiene algunas ventajas respecto a las otras candinas. Su degradación en el ser humano es a través de un proceso de biotransformación, en vez de un proceso metabólico, y no presenta interacciones farmacológicas. En concreto, en el paciente hematológico la anidulafungina tendría un papel «potencial» como tratamiento empírico en la neutropenia febril, tal como lo tiene caspofungina. Además, y dada la epidemiología de la infección candidiásica en el paciente hematológico, podría usarse como tratamiento inicial en la candidemia para desescalar a fluconazol oral, si ello fuese posible según el fungigrama. También estaría indicada en el tratamiento de las infecciones fúngicas invasoras por Aspergillus spp. en pacientes con insuficiencia hepática o renal o con medicaciones concomitantes. Por los estudios in vitro, también tendría un papel importante en las combinaciones de antifúngicos.

Dado su excelente perfil de seguridad y la falta de interacciones, la anidulafungina será sin duda una ayuda valiosa en el manejo de las infecciones micóticas de difícil tratamiento en pacientes hematológicos.

Palabras clave:
Anidulafungina
Pacientes hematológicos
Neutropenia febril

Until relatively recently, the treatment available for invasive fungal infections in hematological patients consisted of amphotericin B and azoles. Each of these groups had limitations and secondary effects. The echinocandins are a new class of antifungal agent that has shown promising results in the treatment of numerous invasive fungal infections. Anidulafungin is a new echinocandin that, in addition to showing potent in vitro activity against Aspergillus spp. and Candida spp. (including fluconazole- and amphotericin B-resistant microorganisms), also provides some advantages over other candins. In humans, these drugs are degraded through biotransformation rather than a metabolic process. No drug interactions have been found. In hematological patients, anidulafungin would play a «potential» role as empirical therapy in febrile neutropenia, as is the case of caspofungin. Given the epidemiology of Candida infection in these patients, anidulafungin could be used as initial therapy in candidemia before starting treatment with oral flucozanole, if indicated by the fungigram. This drug would also be indicated in the treatment of invasive Aspergillus spp. infections in patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency or in those taking concomitant medications. The available in vitro studies also suggest an important role for this drug in combinations of antifungal agents. Given the excellent safety profile and absence of interactions of anidulafungin, this drug will undoubtedly be of great utility in the management of difficult-to-treat mycotic infections in hematological patients.

Key words:
Anidulafungin
Hematological patients
Febrile neutropenia
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