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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Profilaxis de la infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de páncreas
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Vol. 29. Issue S6.
La infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de órgano sólido: nuevas evidencias de un patógeno clásico
Pages 56-59 (December 2011)
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Vol. 29. Issue S6.
La infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de órgano sólido: nuevas evidencias de un patógeno clásico
Pages 56-59 (December 2011)
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Profilaxis de la infección por citomegalovirus en el trasplante de páncreas
Prophylaxis of cytomegalovirus infection in pancreatic transplantation
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Asunción Moreno Camachoa,
Corresponding author
AMORENO@clinic.ub.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Alberto Rodríguez Benotb
a Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Clínic-IDIBAPS, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
b Servicio de Nefrología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, España
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Resumen

El trasplante de páncreas presenta un mayor riesgo de enfermedad por citomegalovirus (CMV) si se compara con el trasplante renal aislado. El manejo de la enfermedad por CMV en el trasplante de páncreas dependerá del riesgo según los perfiles de serología (IgG para CMV) del donante y receptor, y del uso de anticuerpos como terapia inmunosupresora (especialmente timoglobulina). La mayoría de las guías clínicas recomienda el uso de la estrategia de profilaxis frente al tratamiento anticipado en el trasplante de páncreas, tanto en D+/R– como en D+/R+. En los de mayor riesgo (D+/R–) se recomienda profilaxis con valganciclovir 900mg/día de 3 a 6 meses, ajustado según función renal. En los D+/R+, si se utilizó terapia con un anticuerpo en el trasplante o en algún rechazo, también se recomienda profilaxis con valgancioclovir de 1 a 3 meses. Al finalizar la profilaxis se realizará en ambos casos determinación de carga viral (PCR cuantitativa de CMV) o antigenemia durante el primer año. En los D–/R– puede plantearse terapia anticipada con determinaciones de carga viral o antigenemia en cada revisión hasta el primer año. Se pondrá especial atención en la vigilancia ante la aparición de enfermedad tardía por CMV tras la supresión de la profilaxis.

Palabras clave:
Trasplante de páncreas
Citomegalovirus
Infección
Factores de riesgo
Prevención
Abstract

Pancreatic transplantation carries a higher risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection than renal transplantation alone. The management of CMV disease in pancreatic transplantation depends on the risk indicated by the donor's and recipient's serological profiles (CMV IgG) and the use of antibodies as immunosuppressive therapy (especially thymoglobulin). Most clinical guidelines recommend the use of prophylaxis in preference to preemptive therapy in both donor (D)+/recipient (R)- and D+/R+ pancreatic transplantations. In combinations with highest risk (D+/R-), prophylaxis with valganciclovir 900mg per day for 3 to 6 months is recommended, adjusted to renal funtion. In D+/R+ combinations, if antibody therapy was used in the transplant or in rejection, valgancioclovir prophylaxis is also recommended for 1 to 3 months. When prophylaxis is finished, in both cases, viral load determination (quantitative polymerase chain reaction of CMV) or antigenemia should be carried out for the first year. In D-/R-combinations, preemptive therapy can be considered with determinations of viral load or antigenemia at each follow-up visit during the first year. Once prophylaxis has been suspended, special attention should be paid to the development of delayed CMV disease.

Keywords:
Pancreatic transplantation
Cytomegalovirus
Infection
Risk factors
Prevention
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Copyright © 2011. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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