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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Resistencia a antibióticos en 622 Streptococcus pneumoniae aislados de líquido...
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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 12-19 (January 2003)
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Vol. 21. Issue 1.
Pages 12-19 (January 2003)
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Resistencia a antibióticos en 622 Streptococcus pneumoniae aislados de líquido cefalorraquídeo y sangre en 33 hospitales españoles de la Red Europea de Vigilancia de Resistencia a Antibióticos (2000)
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Jesús Oteoa, Susana Cruchagaa, José Camposa,1
Corresponding author
jcampos@isciii.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J. Campos. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Ctra. Pozuelo a Majadahonda. 28220 Majadahonda. Madrid. España. Correo electrónico:
, Juan A. Sáez-Nietoa, Fernando Baquerob, Erssc
a. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Majadahonda. Madrid. España
b. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. España
c. Miembros del Grupo EARSS-España: J.L. Hernández (Hospital de Cruces, Bilbao); J. Lite y J. Garau (Hospital Mútua de Terrassa, Barcelona);
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Introducción

La Unión Europea (UE) fundó en 1998 la European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (Red Europea para el Control de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos en Patógenos Invasivos, EARSS). Se presentan los datos de Streptococcus pneumoniae obtenidos en España en 2000.

Métodos

Participaron 33 hospitales con una cobertura aproximada del 25% de la población española. Cada laboratorio aisló, identificó y estudió la sensibilidad con sus métodos de rutina. El control de calidad fue realizado por UK National External Quality (NEQAS). Se recogieron los datos clínicos, del hospital y servicio en el que se realizó el aislamiento de cada cepa/paciente. Los datos se incorporaron a una base de datos común donde se analizaron y validaron mediante el programa Whonet.5.

Resultados

En 622 pacientes se aisló S. pneumoniae invasivo. La incidencia total fue de 6,4 casos/100.000 habitantes. El 33,1% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%; 29,6-37) presentaron sensibilidad disminuida a penicilina (intermedias, 22,2%; resistentes, 10,9%); el 11% fueron no sensibles a cefotaxima (intermedias, 10,1%; resistentes, 0,9%); el 21,1% fueron resistentes a eritromicina. La resistencia a eritromicina fue del 7% en las cepas sensibles a penicilina, y del 46,4% en las no sensibles (p < 0,001). En los niños de 4 años o menos, el 51,7% de las cepas no fueron sensibles a penicilina, frente al 29% en pacientes de más de 4 años (p < 0,001). El 2,4% de los aislamientos presentaron una concentración inhibitoria mínima (CIM) para ciprofloxacino superior a 2 mg/l.

Conclusiones

La resistencia a penicilina en S. pneumoniae invasivos en España es una de las más elevadas de la UE. La disminución de la sensibilidad a penicilina se asocia significativamente con la pérdida de sensibilidad de cefotaxima y la resistencia a eritromicina. Los niños de 4 años o menos tienen un riesgo significativamente superior que los adultos de infectarse por cepas resistentes a penicilina, cefotaxima y eritromicina.

Palabras clave:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Red Europea para el Control de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos en Patógenos Invasivos (EARSS)
Antibióticos
Introduction

In 1998 the European Union founded the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS) for the control of antimicrobial resistance in invasive pathogens. This report present the results obtained for S. pneumoniae in the year 2000 in Spain.

Methods

Participants included 33 hospitals covering approximately 25% of the Spanish population. The laboratories carried out isolation, identification and sensitivity studies with their usual methods. Quality control was performed by the UK National External Quality Assurance Scheme (NEQAS). A form was filled out with clinical information on the patient and data on the hospital, department and specimen isolated. This information was entered in a central database for analysis and validation by the Whonet.5 program.

Results

Invasive S. pneumoniae was isolated in 622 patients. Overall incidence was 6.4 cases/100,000 inhabitants. Among the strains isolated, 33.1% (CI 95%: 29.6-37) showed resistance to penicillin (22.2% intermediate; 10.9% resistant); 11% showed resistance to cefotaxime (10.1% intermediate; 0.9% resistant); and 21.1% were resistant to erythromycin. Erythromycin resistance was 7% in penicillin-sensitive strains and 46.4% in penicillin-resistant strains (p < 0.001). A total of 51.7% of strains were resistant to penicillin in children _ 4 years old, as compared to 29% in patients >4 years old (p < 0.001). A ciprofloxacin MIC >2 mg/L was found for 2.4% of isolates.

Conclusions

Penicillin resistance in invasive S. pneumoniae in Spain is among the highest in the European Union. The decrease in sensitivity to penicillin was significantly associated with cefotaxime and erythromycin resistance. Children _ 4 years old have a significantly higher risk than adults of acquiring infection with strains resistant to penicillin, cefotaxime and erythromycin.

Key words:
Streptococcus pneumoniae
European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS
Antibiotics
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Copyright © 2003. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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