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Vol. 26. Issue S10.
Darunavir
Pages 51-60 (October 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S10.
Darunavir
Pages 51-60 (October 2008)
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Resistencias a darunavir
Resistance to darunavir
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3815
Miguel García Deltoro
Corresponding author
med001007@saludalia.com

Correspondencia: Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Consorcio Hospital General Universitario. Avda. Tres Cruces, s/n. 46014 Valencia. España.
Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Consorcio Hospital General Universitario. Valencia. España
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El perfil de resistencia a darunavir (DRV) se ha extrapolado inicialmente del análisis combinado de los 3 estudios POWER del subgrupo que llevaba desde el comienzo la dosis aprobada para DRV (n = 467) y, posteriormente, ampliado con la rama placebo sin etravirina de los 2 estudios DUET (n = 604), midiendo la eficacia a las 24 semanas. Se han configurado como los 2 mejores factores predictivos de la respuesta virológica: por una parte, el fenotipo basal expresado como el aumento del número de veces o fold change (FC) en la concentración eficaz del 50% (EC50), describiéndose 2 puntos de corte clínicos en 10 y 40 como disminución y pérdida de respuesta respectivamente; por otra, un primer listado (DRV score 2006) de 11 mutaciones en 10 posiciones: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L, I54M, G73S, L76V, I84V y L89V, recientemente revisado (DRV score 2007) quitando del anterior la G73S y añadiendo la T74P, y la respuesta virológica está disminuida con la presencia de 3 o más mutaciones de ambos listados con una ligera mejora de la predicción de respuesta para el de 2007, siempre en el contexto de un alto número de mutaciones (mediana ≥ 10) de la International AIDS Society, además hay una muy buena correlación genofenotípica comprobando una disminución progresiva del FC con el acúmulo paulatino de mutaciones de ambos listados. En cuanto a las mutaciones seleccionadas al fallo a DRV, en los pacientes multirresistentes de los estudios POWER y DUET se describen también mayoritariamente las del DRV score sobre todo la pareja V32I e I54L; comparativamente los pacientes del estudio TITAN con un menor nivel de resistencia seleccionan mutaciones similares pero de manera muy escasa en los pocos fallos virológicos descritos, muchos menos fallos y menos mutaciones que la rama de lopinavir (LPV); por último, no aparece ninguna mutación en la proteasa de fracasos a DRV en pacientes naïve (estudio ARTEMIS), efecto ya conocido del grupo de inhibidores de la proteasa potenciados, pero también más acentuado para DRV frente a LPV.

Palabras clave:
Darunavir
Resistencia
Fenotipo basal
Listado de mutaciones 2006 y 2007

The resistance profile of darunavir (DRV) was initially explored using pooled week 24 data from POWER 1, 2, and 3 at the recommended dose of DRV (n=467) with the subsequent addition of data from the placebo arm without etravirine (ETR) of DUET 1 and 2 (n=604). The two strongest predictors of virological response were firstly baseline phenotype expressed as the darunavir fold change in 50% effective concentration (EC50), with phenotypic clinical cut-offs of 10 and 40 being established for diminished response and loss of response, respectively, and secondly, the DRV score 2006 of 11 mutations in 10 positions: V11I, V32I, L33F, I47V, I50V, I54L, I54M, G73S, L76V, I84V and L89V, recently revised (DRV score 2007) with removal of G73S and addition of T74P. The presence of three or more mutations was associated with a diminished virological response in both the 2006 and 2007 lists but slightly better prediction was observed with the 2007 list. Each of the above-mentioned mutations was associated with a mean of at least 10 mutations of the International AIDS Society's (IAS) list. Moreover, good genophenotypic correlation was found, corroborating a progressive reduction in fold change with the progressive accumulation of mutations from both lists. In multiresistant patients in the POWER and DUET studies, the most commonly selected mutations upon DRV failure were those in the DRV score, especially V32I and I54L. Similar mutations were selected by patients from TITAN, who showed a much lower level of resistance; however, these mutations were selected much less frequently in the few virological failures described. Furthermore, virological failure and mutations were much less frequent in the DRV arm than in the lopinavir arm. Lastly, no protease mutations were found upon DRV failure in treatment-naive patients in the ARTEMIS study, an effect already known in enhanced proteases, but also more accentuated in DRV than in lopinavir.

Key words:
Darunavir
Resistance
Baseline phenotype
DRV scores 2006 and 2007
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Copyright © 2008. Elsevier España S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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