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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, v...
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Vol. 22. Issue 9.
Pages 512-516 (November 2004)
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Vol. 22. Issue 9.
Pages 512-516 (November 2004)
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Seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente a Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, virus de la rubéola, virus de la hepatitis B y C y VIH en mujeres gestantes
Seroprevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B and C virus, and HIV in pregnant women
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15085
Nieves Gutiérrez-Zufiaurrea, Javier Sánchez-Hernándeza, Santiago Muñoza,c, Raquel Marína, Nuria Delgadoc, M.ª Carmen Sáenza,b,c, Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellidoa,c, José Ángel García-Rodrígueza,c,1
Corresponding author
jagarrod@usal.es

Correspondencia: Dr. J.A. García-Rodríguez.Departamento de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca.P.º de San Vicente, s/n. 37007 Salamanca. España.
a Departamento de Microbiología.
b Departamento de Medicina Preventiva. Hospital Universitario de Salamanca.
c Departamento de Medicina Preventiva,Salud Pública y Microbiología Médica. Universidad de Salamanca. Salamanca. España
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Introducción

Conocer la prevalencia de anticuerpos frente a Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, virus de la rubéola, virus de la hepatitis B (VHB), virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en mujeres gestantes.

Métodos

Mediante diferentes técnicas serológicas se ha estudiado la prevalencia de anticuerpos séricos frente a T. pallidum, T. gondii, virus de la rubéola, VHB y VHC en 2.929 gestantes, y de anticuerpos anti-VIH en las 1.349 pacientes en las que se obtuvo consentimiento informado, y que acudieron a su primera consulta obstétrica a lo largo de 2001.

Resultados

No se confirmó la presencia de anticuerpos frente a T. pallidum en ninguna de las pacientes. Se detectó antígeno de superficie del VHB (HBsAg) en 11 pacientes (0,4%), seis de las cuales (54,5%) desconocían previamente esta situación. La existencia de anticuerpos frente a rubéola fue prácticamente universal (99,95%). Un 18,8% de las pacientes presentaban anticuerpos frente a T. gondii. Sólo una de estas pacientes presentaba un perfil compatible con toxoplasmosis aguda. Se detectaron anticuerpos anti-VIH en 2 pacientes adictas a drogas por vía parenteral. Ambas eran portadoras conocidas. La prevalencia de anticuerpos anti-VHC fue del 0,4%. Un 36,4% de las pacientes ignoraban su condición de portadoras.

Conclusiones

La presencia de infección activa por T. pallidum en mujeres gestantes, en el área estudiada,es en este momento excepcional. El nivel de cobertura frente al virus de la rubéola es excelente. La prevalencia de seropositividad frente a T. gondii se va reduciendo respecto a estudios más antiguos. La prevalencia de HBsAg y anticuerpos anti-VHC se sitúan en el 0,4%. En un porcentaje importante de las pacientes esta seropositividad se descubre en los estudios rutinarios realizados durante el embarazo. La seropositividad frente a VIH es baja y habitualmente ya conocida entre las gestantes incluidas en el estudio.

Palabras clave:
Serologí de embarazo
VHB
VHC
VIH
Rubéola
Toxoplasmosis
Sífilis
Introduction

The prevalence of antibodies against Treponema pallidum, Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was investigated in pregnant women.

Methods

With the use of several serological methods in samples from women who had their first obstetric visit in 2001, we studied the prevalence of serum antibodies against T. pallidum, T. gondii, rubella virus, HBV and HCV in 2,929 pregnant women, and anti-HIV antibodies in the 1,349 women agreeing to this test.

Results

Antibodies against T. pallidum were not detected in any case. HBsAg was found in 11 patients (0.4%), six of whom (54.5%) were not aware of their condition. The presence of anti-rubella antibodies was almost universal (99.95%). In the total population, 18.8% of patients had anti-T. gondii antibodies; only one had a serological profile suggesting acute toxoplasmosis. Among the 1,349 women studied, anti-HIV antibodies were detected in two intravenous drug abusers who were aware of their condition. Anti-HCV antibodies were found in 0.4% of the series, and 36.4% of the HCV-positive patients had no knowledge of their condition.

Conclusions

Active infection by T. pallidum in pregnant women in Spain is currently exceptional. The level of immunization against rubella virus is excellent. Seropositivity to T. gondii is lower than rates reported in earlier studies. The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies is around 0.4%, and seropositive status is often discovered in routine serological studies performed during pregnancy. HIV seropositivity is low, and the pregnant women included in this study were aware of their condition.

Key words:
Pregnancy serology
HBV
HCV
HIV
Toxoplasmosis
Syphilis
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Copyright © 2004. Elsevier España, S.L.. Todos los derechos reservados
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