The genetic cohorts: facing the new challenges in infectious diseases. The HIV model | Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica

Article information

All physicians are confronted to the diversity of susceptibility to infectious diseases or response to medication among patients. Much work has been done to characterize the virulence factors of pathogens, while less is known about the host (human) factor. Two unrelated people share about 99.9% of their DNA sequences, while the remaining 0.1% contains the genetic variants that influence how they differ in their risk of disease or response to drugs. The completion of the Human Genome Project gives a new start to developing the field of host genetic susceptibility. This review highlights ethical and practical issues on developing genetic cohorts by using the model of the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.

Palabras clave:

VIH

Estudios de cohorte

Genética del huésped

Farmacogenética

Ética en genética

Toxicogenética

Key words:

HIV

Cohort studies

Host genetics

Pharmacogenetics

Ethics in genetics

Toxicogenetics

Todos los clínicos se enfrentan a la diversidad en la susceptibilidad que presentan los pacientes frente a las infecciones infecciosas o en su respuesta frente a la medicación. Se han efectuado avances importantes para caracterizar los factores de virulencia de los patógenos, aunque hay menos información acerca del factor huésped (ser humano). Dos personas genéticamente no relacionadas comparten aproximadamente el 99,9% de sus secuencias de ADN, mientras que el 0,1% restante presenta las variantes genéticas que influyen en sus diferentes riesgos de enfermedad o en sus distintas respuestas frente a los medicamentos. La finalización del Proyecto Genoma Humano hace que se abra una nueva era en el campo de la susceptibilidad genética del huésped. En esta revisión se subrayan los aspectos éticos y prácticos del desarrollo de cohortes genéticas mediante el modelo del Swis HIV Cohort Study.

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