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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Tratamiento actual de la candidemia. Papel de anidulafungina
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Vol. 26. Issue S14.
Anidulafungina en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 21-28 (December 2008)
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Vol. 26. Issue S14.
Anidulafungina en el tratamiento de la infección fúngica invasora
Pages 21-28 (December 2008)
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Tratamiento actual de la candidemia. Papel de anidulafungina
Current treatment of candidemia. Role of anidulafungin
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3091
Benito Almirantea,
Corresponding author
balmirante@vhebron.net

Correspondencia: Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron. Pg. Vall d’Hebron, 119-129. 08035 Barcelona. España.
, Javier Pemánb
a Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. España
b Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España
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Article information

A pesar de los recientes avances en el tratamiento antifúngico, la incidencia y la mortalidad de las infecciones invasoras por Candida no han variado en los últimos años. En los estudios de vigilancia publicados hasta la fecha la incidencia estimada de candidemia difiere según el área geográfica, que es sensiblemente mayor en Estados Unidos que en Europa. Las principales condiciones predisponentes para el desarrollo de la candidemia son la neutropenia, los defectos en la inmunidad celular y la alteración de la flora microbiana normal. Como factores de riesgo independientes se han reconocido la colonización previa, la antibioterapia, el catéter venoso central, la neutropenia y la disfunción renal. En las últimas dos décadas la proporción de infecciones causadas por especies de Candida distintas de albicans se ha incrementado notablemente. Aunque la utilización de fluconazol se ha considerado uno de los factores principales en el cambio epidemiológico de la candidiasis invasora, particularmente en el aumento de especies menos sensibles a él, esta relación no ha sido demostrada. Los cambios epidemiológicos recientes son de especial relevancia para la elección del tratamiento de las candidemias. Las equinocandinas, y entre ellas la anidulafungina, constituyen un avance para el tratamiento de estas infecciones. La eficacia clínica, la tolerancia y la seguridad de la anidulafungina han sido demostradas en ensayos clínicos controlados de candidemia y candidiasis invasora. Las recomendaciones actuales incluyen a este antifúngico en la terapia empírica inicial de determinados pacientes, especialmente en situación clínica grave, con antecedentes de exposición a los azoles o con posibilidad de desarrollar efectos adversos o interacciones medicamentosas.

Palabras clave:
Candidemia
Anidulafungina
Tratamiento antifúngico
Equinocandinas

Despite recent advances in antifungal therapy, the incidence of invasive Candida infections and resulting mortality have remained unchanged in the last few years. In surveillance studies published to date, the estimated incidence of candidemia differs depending on the geographic area and is significantly higher in North America than in Europe. The main predisposing conditions for candidemia are neutropenia, cellular immunity deficit, and alteration of normal microbial flora.

Some independent risk factors have been identified, such as previous colonization, antibiotic therapy, central venous catheters, neutropenia, and renal dysfunction. In the last two decades, the proportion of infections due to non-albicans Candida has markedly increased. Although fluconazole use has been considered one of the main causes for the epidemiologic change in invasive candidiasis, especially in the increase of species less sensitive to this agent, this association remains unproven. These recent epidemiological changes are highly important when selecting treatment for candidemia. The echinocandins, which include anidulafungin, represent a step forward in the treatment of these infections. The clinical efficacy, tolerability and safety of anidulafungin have been demonstrated in controlled clinical trials in candidemia and invasive candidiasis. Current recommendations include this antifungal agent in the initial empirical therapy of certain patients, especially in those with a critical clinical situation, previous azole exposure, or the possibility of developing adverse events or drug interactions.

Key words:
Candidemia
Anidulafungin
Antifungal therapy
Echinocandins
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