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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Update on bacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients
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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Pages 12-18 (January 2007)
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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Pages 12-18 (January 2007)
“Update on infectious diseases”
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Update on bacterial infections in immunosuppressed patients
Actualización de las infecciones bacterianas en los pacientes con inmunosupresión
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832
José Mensaa,
Corresponding author
jmensa@clinic.ub.es

Correspondence: Dr. J. Mensa. Hospital Clinic. Infectious Diseases Service. Villarroel, 170. 08036 Barcelona. Spain.
, Javier Garaub, Isidro Jarquec, Pilar Luqued, Albert Pahissae, Joaquín Portillaf, Miguel Salavertc, Miguel Ángel Sanzc, Amparo Soléc, Rafael de la Cámarag
a Hospital Clínico. Barcelona. Spain
b Hospital Mutua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona. Spain
c Hospital La Fe. Valencia. Spain
d Hospital Clínico. Zaragoza. Spain
e Hospital Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. Spain
f Hospital General. Alicante. Spain
g Hospital de la Princesa. Madrid. Spain
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A multidisciplinary group of physicians with expertise in infections in neutropenic and hemato-oncology patients met to discuss the state of the art and the most relevant publications in the field of bacterial infection in neutropenic patients during the last two years.

The group agreed that most studies are favorably inclined toward the use of prophylaxis in this setting, although several areas have yet to be clarified, such as identification of the patients at greatest risk and the period of increased risk, and the emergence of resistant organisms.

Several papers on vancomycin as empirical therapy in febrile patients with neutropenia were discussed. Currently available evidence does not support the need for empirical glycopeptides initially, nor for persistent fever. Withholding specific treatment against Gram-positive infections pending growth of a resistant Gram-positive organism was considered as safe. As for the management of bacterial infection in low-risk patients with neutropenia, current data indicate that, even in this group, empiric coverage with broad-spectrum antibiotics is necessary, at least until culture results become available.

Finally, the role of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a bacterial agent of infection in hematology-oncology patients revealed the low incidence of the problem, the community origin of most episodes, the frequent association with pneumonia, and related mortality not superior to that of the non-neutropenic population.

Key words:
Febrile neutropenia
Prophylaxis
Pre-emptive therapy
Gram-positive infections
Gram-negative infections
Low-risk neutropenic patients
Streptococcus pneumoniae

Un grupo multidisciplinario de clínicos con experiencia en las infecciones que sufren los pacientes con neutropenia y hematooncológicos se ha reunido para discutir la situación actual y las publicaciones más relevantes que se han realizado durante los 2 últimos años en el campo de las infecciones bacterianas en los pacientes con neutropenia.

Los participantes señalaron que en la mayor parte de los estudios se propone la aplicación de medidas de profilaxis en este contexto, aunque hay varias áreas que todavía no han sido clarificadas, tal como la identificación de los pacientes con un riesgo mayor y la definición del período de riesgo aumentado, así como la aparición de microorganismos resistentes.

Se comentaron varios artículos relativos al uso de vancomicina como tratamiento empírico en los pacientes febriles con neutropenia. La evidencia actual no apoya el uso de glucopéptidos administrados de manera empírica en las fases iniciales ni tampoco en los cuadros de fiebre persistente. Se consideró seguro el mantenimiento del tratamiento específico frente a las infecciones por microorganismos grampositivos mientras no se demuestre la presencia de microorganismos grampositivos resistentes. En lo relativo al tratamiento de las infecciones bacterianas en los pacientes de riesgo bajo con neutropenia, los datos actuales indican que, incluso en este grupo, es necesaria la cobertura empírica con antibióticos de amplio espectro, al menos hasta que se obtengan los resultados de los cultivos.

Finalmente, la función desempeñada por Streptococcus pneumoniae como bacteria causal de las infecciones en los pacientes hematooncológicos reveló la baja incidencia del problema, el origen extrahospitalario de la mayor parte de los episodios, su asociación frecuente con neumonía y el hecho de que la mortalidad asociada dicho microorganismo no es superior a la que se observa en los pacientes que no presentan neutropenia.

Palabras clave:
Neutropenia febril
Profilaxis
Tratamiento profiláctico
Infecciones por grampositivos
Infecciones por gramnegativos
Pacientes neutropénicos de riesgo bajo
Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L.. All rights reserved
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