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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica Update on viral infections in immunocompromised patients
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Vol. 25. Núm. S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Páginas 2-11 (enero 2007)
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Vol. 25. Núm. S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Páginas 2-11 (enero 2007)
“Update on infectious diseases”
Acceso a texto completo
Update on viral infections in immunocompromised patients
Actualización de las infecciones víricas en los pacientes con inmunosupresión
Visitas
1771
Rafael de la Cámaraa,
Autor para correspondencia
jrcamara@telefonica.net

Correspondence: Dr. R. de la Cámara. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Hematology Department. Diego de León, 62. 28006 Madrid. Spain.
, Javier López-Jiménezb, Carlos Vallejoc, Lourdes Vázquezd, José Luis Péreze, Evaristo Varof, Luis Maderog, José Mensah, The Multidisciplinary Network of Experts 1
a Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Madrid. Spain
b Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. Spain
c Clínica Puerta de Hierro. Madrid. Spain
d Hospital Clínico. Salamanca. Spain
e Hospital Son Dureta. Palma de Mallorca. Spain
f Hospital Clínico Universitario. Santiago de Compostela. La Coruña. Spain
g Luis Madero. Hospital Niño Jesús. Madrid. Spain
h José Mensa. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. Spain
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Viral infections are one of the most frequent complications of oncohematologic and transplanted patients. Here we review some of the most interesting clinical publications of 2004 and 2005. A brief introduction of each virus or issue is given followed by a discussion of the related publications.

In relation to CMV we reviewed: 1) the recommendations of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation for CMV management in stem-cell hematopoietic transplants (HSCT); 2) a meta-analysis that evaluated the efficacy of different strategies for the prevention of CMV in solid organ transplants; 3) the impact of CMV disease before HSCT in the outcome of the transplants.

A recent publication found a relation between herpesvirus 6 infection and increased mortality. This is a novel finding, not previously described, that reinforces the importance of the so-called “indirect effects” of the beta-herpesvirus. In the largest study performed until now of influenza in HSCT recipients, early antiviral therapy with oseltamivir was more effective than rimantadine for both preventing progression from influenza-A upper respiratory infection to pneumonia and reducing influenza-A pneumonia mortality.

The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a newly described virus identified in 2001. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of hMPV respiratory infections were described in a large group of oncohematologic patients. A novel approach was published for the treatment of HLTV-1 infections based on the pathogenesis of this infection.

Finally, an exciting paper from the Perugia group showed that cloning of pathogen-specific T-cells seems a promising approach in the management of certain infections after HSCT.

Key words:
Viral infections
Immunocompromised patients
Stem-cell hematopoietic transplants
Solid organ transplants
Herpesvirus
Adoptive specific cellular immunotherapy
CMV
Herpes simplex virus
Human T-cell leukaemia virus type I
Community-acquired respiratory viruses
Influenza
Human metapneumovirus

Las infecciones víricas constituyen una de las complicaciones más frecuentes de los pacientes oncohematológicos y de los que reciben un trasplante.

En este documento se revisan algunas de las publicaciones clínicas más interesantes de 2004 y 2005. Se ofrece una breve introducción de cada virus o proceso patológico, seguida de la discusión de las publicaciones relacionadas. En lo relativo al citomegalovirus (CMV), se han revisado: 1) las recomendaciones del European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation respecto al tratamiento del CMV en los trasplantes de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TPH); 2) un metaanálisis en el que se evaluó la eficacia de las distintas estrategias para la prevención de la infección por CMV en los pacientes intervenidos mediante trasplante de órganos sólidos; 3) la repercusión de la infección por CMV antes del TPH en lo relativo a la supervivencia del trasplante.

En una publicación reciente se demuestra la existencia de una relación entre la infección por el virus herpes 6 y el incremento de la mortalidad. Este hallazgo es novedoso, en el sentido de que no se había descrito previamente, y refuerza la importancia de los denominados «efectos indirectos» de los virus herpes-beta.

En el estudio más amplio efectuado hasta el momento del virus influenza en receptores de TPH, el tratamiento antivírico temprano con oseltamivir fue más efectivo que la administración de rimantadina tanto para la prevención de la progresión de la infección del tracto respiratorio superior por el virus de la gripe A hacia neumonía como en la reducción de la mortalidad por neumonía.

El metaneumovirus humano (MNVh) fue descrito en 2001.

Las características epidemiológicas y clínicas de las infecciones respiratorias causadas por MNVh fueron evaluadas en un grupo grande de pacientes oncohematológicos. Se ha propuesto un nuevo enfoque en el tratamiento de las infecciones causadas por el virus de la leucemia T humana del adulto tipo I, fundamentado en la patogenia de esta infección. Finalmente, en un artículo muy interesante del grupo de Perugia se demuestra que la clonación de linfocitos T con especificidad de patógeno parece constituir un abordaje prometedor en el tratamiento de ciertas infecciones asociadas al TCPH.

Palabras clave:
Infecciones víricas
Pacientes con inmunosupresión
Trasplantes hematopoyéticos de células progenitoras
Trasplantes de órganos sólidos
Virus herpes
Inmunoterapia celular específica adoptiva
CMV
Virus herpes simple
Virus de la leucemia T humana tipo I
Virus respiratorios adquiridos en el medio extrahospitalario
Gripe
Metaneumovirus humano
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The remaining members of the network of experts were: Dr. Javier Garau, Mutua de Terrassa. Terrassa. Barcelona. Spain. Dr. Pilar Luque, Hospital Clínico. Zaragoza. Spain. Dr. Albert Pahissa, Hospital Vall d’Hebrón. Barcelona. Spain. Dr. Joaquín Portilla. Spain. Hospital General. Alicante. Dr. Miguel Salavert, Dr. Miguel Ángel Sanz and Dr. Amparo Solé, Hospital La Fe. Valencia. Spain.

Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L.. All rights reserved
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