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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Pages 28-36 (January 2007)
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Vol. 25. Issue S1.
Programa de control externo de calidad SEIMC. Año 2006
Pages 28-36 (January 2007)
“Update on infectious diseases”
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Update on osteo-articular infections and severe skin and soft tissue infections
Actualización de las infecciones osteoarticulares y las infecciones graves cutáneas y de los tejidos blandos
Visits
1290
José Barberána,
Corresponding author
josebarberan@teleline.es

Correspondence: Dr. J. Barberán. Hospital de la Defensa Gómez Ulla. Grta. Ejército, s/n. 28047 Madrid. Spain.
, Alex Sorianob, Álvaro Pascualc, Javier Cobod, Javier Arizae, Xavier Floresf, Antonio Guerrerog, José Hernández-Queroh, Cristina Fernándezi, José Corderoj, José Ramón Azanzak
a Infectious Diseases Service. Hospital de la Defensa Gómez Ulla. Madrid. Spain
b Infectious Diseases Service. Hospital Clínic. Barcelona. Spain
c Department of Microbiology. School of Medicine. Sevilla. Spain
d Infectious Diseases Service. Hospital Ramón y Cajal. Madrid. Spain
e Infectious Diseases Service. Hospital de Bellvitge. Hospitalet del Llobregat. Barcelona. Spain
f Septic Unit of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department. Hospital Universitario Vall d’Hebron. Barcelona. Spain
g Biological Diagnosis. Hospital de la Ribera. Valencia. Spain
h Infectious Diseases Unit. Hospital Clínico San Cecilio. Granada. Spain
i Clinical Epidemiology Unit. Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Madrid. Spain
j Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Unit. Hospital Universitario de la Princesa. Madrid. Spain
k Infectious Diseases Department. Clínica Universitaria. Pamplona. Navarra. Spain
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The present article is an update on bone, joint, skin and soft-tissue infections. A panel of Spanish clinicians including orthopedic surgeons, infectious diseases specialists and microbiologists with extensive experience in these fields have commented on the most relevant medical articles published during the last two years.

In the next section, we review and discuss 10 articles on pathogenesis (1), diagnostic methods (1), epidemiology (1) and general management of prosthetic joint infections (8) and three on severe and necrotizing soft tissue infections. Although the rate of joint arthroplasty infection is about 1-3%, the infection of an orthopedic implant is particularly devastating since it requires several interventions, prolonged hospitalization and antibiotic treatment for weeks or months. Taking into account the increasing number of arthroplasties performed each year, a parallel increase is expected in the number of prosthetic joint infections. In the absence of well-designed prospective, randomized, controlled studies, the diagnosis and treatment of prosthetic joint infections is based mainly on personal experience. For these reasons, the authors consider particularly interesting a critical review of the most important references in this field.

Recently, emergent pathogens such as community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been involved in necrotizing fasciitis. In addition, new tools for the diagnosis and treatment of these infections have been described and are now reviewed in the present article.

Key words:
Osteomyelitis
Prosthetic joint infection
Necrotizing fascitis
Community-acquired infections
Staphylococcus aureus

El artículo presente recoge una actualización de las infecciones óseas, articulares, cutáneas y de los tejidos blandos. Un grupo de clínicos españoles constituido por traumatólogos, especialistas en enfermedades infecciosas y microbiólogos con amplia experiencia en estos campos ha comentado los artículos de mayor relevancia a este respecto publicados durante los 2 últimos años.

En la sección siguiente se revisan y comentan 10 artículos sobre patogenia (1), métodos diagnósticos (1), epidemiología (1) y abordaje terapéutico general de las infecciones en las prótesis articulares (8); además, se exponen los resultados obtenidos en tres publicaciones sobre infecciones necrosantes graves de los tejidos blandos. A pesar de que la incidencia de infección de las artroplastias es de aproximadamente el 1-3%, la infección de un implante ortopédico es un cuadro especialmente grave debido a que obliga a la realización de varias intervenciones quirúrgicas, a una hospitalización prolongada y a la administración de tratamiento antibiótico durante semanas o meses. Considerando en conjunto el número creciente de intervenciones de artroplastias que se realizan anualmente, se espera un incremento paralelo en el número de infecciones de las prótesis articulares. En ausencia de estudios prospectivos y realizados con asignación aleatoria y control, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de las infecciones de las prótesis articulares están fundamentados principalmente en la experiencia personal. Por estas razones, los autores consideran especialmente interesante una revisión crítica de las publicaciones más importantes que se han efectuado en este campo.

Recientemente se han observado cuadros de fascitis necrosante de origen extrahospitalario causados por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina.

Además, en el artículo presente se revisan las nuevas herramientas introducidas para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de estas infecciones.

Palabras clave:
Osteomielitis
Infección de prótesis articulares
Fascitis necrosante
Infecciones extrahospitalarias
Staphylococcus aureus
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Copyright © 2007. Elsevier España S.L.. All rights reserved
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