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Inicio Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica (English Edition) Seroprevalence status of vaccine-preventable diseases in migrants living in shel...
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Original article
Available online 20 June 2024
Seroprevalence status of vaccine-preventable diseases in migrants living in shelter centers in Barcelona, Spain
Estudio de la seroprevalencia de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación en población migrante de centros de acogida de Barcelona, España
Carles Rubio Maturanaa,
Corresponding author
carles.rubio@vhir.org

Corresponding author.
, Marta Guerrerob, Maria Casas Claramuntc,d, Susana Nuria Ayala-Cortése, Victoria Lópeze, Patricia Martínez-Vallejoa, Begoña Treviñoe,f, Elena Sulleiroa,f, Juliana Esperalbaa,f, Ariadna Randoa,g, Diana Poue,f, Maria Luisa Aznare,f, Pau Bosch-Nicolaue,f, Fernando Salvadore,f, Inés Oliveira-Soutoe,f, Israel Molinae,f,, Núria Serre-Delcore,f,
a Microbiology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Univesitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
b EAP Universitat, ICS Barcelona, Spain
c EAP d’Alcarràs, ICS Lleida, Spain
d Centre Vacunacions Internacional Lleida, ICS Lleida, Spain
e International Health Unit Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
f Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
g Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Tables (6)
Table 1. Summary table of geo-epidemiological and clinical variables of the study.
Table 2. Summary sociodemographic data table of migrants from Drassanes-Vall d’Hebron Infectious Diseases and International Health Center during 2020–2021 by geographical born region (Asia, Eastern Europe, Central America, South America, Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa).
Table 3. Serology/vaccination data table of migrants from Drassanes-Vall d’Hebron Infectious Diseases and International Health Center during 2020–2021 by geographical born region (Asia, Eastern Europe, Central America, South America, Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa) and measles, rubella, mumps, varicella and hepatitis A virus.
Table 4. Serology/vaccination data table of migrants from Drassanes-Vall d’Hebron Infectious Diseases and International Health Center during 2020–2021 by geographical born region (Asia, Eastern Europe, Central America, South America, Maghreb and Sub-Saharan Africa) and hepatitis B virus.
Table 5. Seroprevalence screening of migrants from Vall d’Hebron-Drassanes Tropical Medicine and International Health Unit (2020–2021).
Table 6. Regression analysis for risk factors associated with positive serology results of measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, HAV and HBV.
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Abstract
Introduction

Almost 281 million people were living in a foreign country in 2022, and more than 100 million were displaced because of war conflicts and human right violations. Vaccination coverage of infectious diseases in migrants from some disadvantaged settings could be lower than reception countries populations, consequently seroprevalence studies and better access to vaccination could contribute to reducing these differences.

Methods

A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted including migrants, living ≤5 years in the reception country and ≥16 years old, who requested a medical exam between January 1st, 2020 and January 31st, 2021. Seroprevalence assessment was performed, and vaccination was offered to those individuals without immunity to hepatitis B, hepatitis A, varicella, measles, mumps, and rubella.

Results

A total of 315 migrants were attended during the study period. Immunity protection at arrival was 252/296 (85.1%) for measles, 274/295 (92.9%) for rubella, 257/296 (86.8%) for mumps, 264/295 (89.5%) for varicella, 267/313 (85.3%) for hepatitis A, and 104/300 (34.6%) for hepatitis B. The final immunity protection after full vaccination schedules was 278/296 (93.9%) for measles, 287/295 (97.3%) for rubella, 274/296 (92.6%) for mumps, 276/295 (93.6%) for varicella, 280/313 (89.5%) for hepatitis A, and 139/300 (46.3%) for hepatitis B.

Conclusions

The vaccination intervention has increased immunity rates for the studied diseases in the attended migrants in our center, however, such interventions should be maintained to reach local population immunization levels. Moreover, the collaboration between shelter and reference specialized health centers is fundamental to implement such vaccination programs.

Keywords:
Refugees
Vaccines
Prevention
Infectious diseases
Migration
Asylum seekers
Resumen
Introducción

En 2022, alrededor de 281 millones de personas vivían en un país extranjero y más de 100 millones fueron desplazados de su país de origen. La cobertura vacunal frente a enfermedades infecciosas en migrantes recién llegados (MRL) es inferior a la de las poblaciones de los países de acogida. Por consiguiente, los estudios de seroprevalencia y un mejor acceso a la vacunación contribuyen a reducir estas diferencias.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo transversal incluyendo a los migrantes, que residieron ≤5 años en el país de acogida y con ≥16 años de edad, que solicitaron un examen médico entre el 1 de enero de 2020 y el 31 de enero de 2021. Se ofreció análisis serológico y vacunación a aquellos individuos sin inmunidad frente a hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis A (HAV), varicela, sarampión, parotiditis y rubéola.

Resultados

Trescientos quince migrantes fueron atendidos durante el periodo de estudio. Las tasas de protección iniciales fueron de 252/296 (85,1%) para sarampión, 274/295 (92,9%) para rubéola, 257/296 (86,8%) para parotiditis, 264/295 (89,5%) para varicela, 267/313 (85,3%) para HAV y 104/300 (34,6%) para HBV. La protección final tras las pautas de vacunación completas fue de 278/296 (93,9%) para sarampión, 287/295 (97,3%) para rubéola, 274/296 (92,6%) para parotiditis, 276/295 (93,6%) para varicela, 280/313 (89,5%) para HAV y 139/300 (46,3%) para HBV.

Conclusiones

La intervención ha aumentado las tasas de inmunidad en los migrantes, sin embargo, dichas acciones deben mantenerse para alcanzar los niveles de inmunización de la población local. La colaboración entre centros de acogida y centros sanitarios especializados de referencia es fundamental para implementar los programas de vacunación.

Palabras clave:
Refugiados
Vacunas
Prevención
Enfermedades infecciosas
Migración
Solicitantes de asilo

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