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Scientific letter
Foruncular myiasis. A biting tumor
Miasis foruncular. Un tumor mordiente
Ignacio Antonio Sigona-Giangrecoa,
Corresponding author
sinacio88@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Elena Garcíab, Miguel Ángel García-Morenob, Ana Gil-Brusolaa
a Servicio de Microbiología Clínica del Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
b Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Foruncular myiasis is a rare entity in our environment and&#44; as it is usually an imported disease&#44; it is poorly known and suspected in our country&#46; Hence the importance of reporting the very few cases that come across in our health system&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 24-year-old female who presented with a frontal scalp tumor that had grown gradually during the month prior to her admission&#46; She had traveled to Peru a month before and denied fever or other symptoms&#44; except for itching within the lesion&#46; She was assessed by a plastic surgeon showing a lump with a hole which resembled an epidermoid cyst and was scheduled for surgical excision of the mass &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>a&#41;&#46; After incision&#44; a maggot was found &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#44; and resection was performed without incidents&#46; It was directly sent to the Microbiology Department where it was identified as a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Dermatobia hominis</span> larva&#44; based on the characteristics of its posterior spiracle &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>c&#41;&#44; with three spiracular slits&#44; each spiracular plate has three split curves directed toward the belly and slightly toward the middle&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> After extraction&#44; patient was discharged with amoxicilin&#47;clavulanic acid as preemptive treatment of secondary bacterial infection of the wound&#44; presenting no further complications&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Myaisis means invasion of organs and tissues by fly maggots&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The most common fly species that cause these affection are <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cordylobia anthropophaga</span>&#44; original of the African continent&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; hominis</span>&#44; from Central and South America&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;4</span></a> The number of cases of myaisis in countries from continents different to these is increasing due to rise on migration to tropical regions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> To our knowledge&#44; there are less than 30 cases of myiasis caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; hominis</span> reported in Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; hominis</span> has three forms on its cycle&#58; adult fly&#44; pupa and larva&#46; Only larvae are parasites&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> and present three different stages&#46; It is interesting that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; hominis</span> is unable of biting because of its poorly developed buccal apparatus&#46; Female adult flies capture hematophagous insects of other species and deposit their eggs on them &#40;around 15&#8211;20 eggs at a time&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> As the hematophagous vector bites a mammal&#44; the eggs hatch and larvae fall onto the mammal&#39;s skin&#44; where after penetrating and reaching the epidermis&#44; remain growing for 33&#8211;41 days&#46; When a 3<span class="elsevierStyleSup">rd</span> stage larva is under the skin&#44; it fixes its hooks &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>d&#41; in soft tissue and orientates its respiratory organ&#44; located in its last segment&#44; toward the surface&#46; This respiratory organ is used for species identification&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4</span></a> based on the morphology of this posterior spiracle &#40;peritrem&#44; button and spiracular slit&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Clinically&#44; in the first 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; a bug-bite lesion usually appears at the inoculation site&#44; which grows wider and deeper within days&#44; producing pruritus at first and then pain&#44; even referring patients a sense of movement&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Treatment consists in removal of the maggot&#46; First stage larvae can be removed by expression&#44; but in late stages the tail portion of the larvae is wider than the anterior portion and the presence of spines make the extraction very difficult&#44; resulting in the need of surgical removal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#44;8</span></a></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion&#44; it is important to report the study of these cases&#44; because of their increasing number&#44; to make an accurate treatment&#46; It is also important to instruct travelers about using protective clothing and insect repellent to prevent possible infestations&#46;</p></span>"
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ISSN: 2529993X
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