Diagnosis at first sight
A woman with lip lesion and submandibular lymphadenopathy
Mujer con lesión labial y adenopatía submandibular
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=> array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Gamze" "apellidos" => "Durmaz" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Nurlana" "apellidos" => "Mıkayılova" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Infectious Disease, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Department of Infectious Disease, Medical School of Cerrahpasa, Istanbul University, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Mujer con lesión labial y adenopatía submandibular" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 808 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 42989 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A papule on the buccal surface of the lower lip and a swollen submandibular lymph node.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Clinical description of the case</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 35-year-old female presented with complaints of a 5-day history of a wound on lip and progressive right submandibular swelling. Her physician prescribed a 7-day course of amoxicillin clavulanate (2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>g/daily) for possible bacterial infection. Due to the lack of improvement, she was admitted to our department with unresolved sore and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Physical examination revealed a papule on the buccal surface of the swollen lower lip and a tender lymphadenopathy in the right submandibular region (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Other examinations were normal. Fever was 36.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C and laboratory values showed a total white blood cells count of 6500<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cells/McL, with 70% neutrophils, C-reactive protein: 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg/L (0–5), sedimentation rate: 30<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm/h. Chest X-ray film was normal and a tuberculin skin test with purified protein derivative showed no induration. Urinalysis, basic chemistry, and hepatic function testing results were within normal limits. Serologies for syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein–Barr virus, Hepatitis B virus, Toxoplasmosis, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes simplex type 1 and 2 remained unremarkable.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Diagnosis and evolution</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In detailed medical history, the patient recalled being injured on his lip by a kitten a month ago. Since she likes to play with cats and she has been in close contact with them for years, the patient did not consider the lesions to be related to this injury. Therefore, serological studies for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bartonella</span> spp. were submitted. With the results pending, the patient was administered a 5-day regimen of azithromycin for suspected cat-scratch disease (CSD). The mass decreased in size and lymph node enlargement gradually resolved within 10 days. Blood results were positive for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bartonella henselae</span> by indirect fluorescence assay with immunoglobulin G titers of 1:512. The skin lesion healed without scarring. The patient has been doing well without recurrence for 3 months.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CSD is a localized cutaneous and lymph node disorder and can present atypical manifestations such as lip involvement.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> It often begins with a papule which usually develops 3–10 days after the introduction of the organism into the skin. This primary lesion typically persists for a period ranging from a few days to several months. One to two weeks later, regional lymphadenopathy develops and is commonly unilateral. Although it usually resolves in 1–4 months, but persistence of enlarged nodes have been reported for years. Diagnosis is based on a complete history, a physical exam, and sometimes blood tests. Risk factors includes being around cats on a routine basis, especially kittens that are more playful and apt to accidentally scratch and bite. Sometimes, patients may not state their exposure because it is one of their daily activities. Therefore, a history of exposure to cats is crucial for a diagnosis of CSD, as in our patient. Most CSD are self-limited and do not require medical therapy.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> In some cases, treatment with antibiotics including azithromycin is an effective choice and can shorten the duration of symptoms.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conclusion, in such cases presenting with skin lesions and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy, a history of cat exposure should be sought for suspected CSD.</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is no conflict of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Clinical description of the case" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Diagnosis and evolution" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 3 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 808 "Ancho" => 900 "Tamanyo" => 42989 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A papule on the buccal surface of the lower lip and a swollen submandibular lymph node.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hepatosplenic cat-scratch fever" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "F.R. Laham" 1 => "S.L. Kaplan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S1473-3099(08)70019-7" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Infect Dis" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "8" "paginaInicial" => "140" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222165" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Recommendations for treatment of human infections caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bartonella</span> species" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.M. Rolain" 1 => "P. Brouqui" 2 => "J.E. Koehler" 3 => "C. Maguina" 4 => "M.J. Dolan" 5 => "D. Raoult" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1128/AAC.48.6.1921-1933.2004" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Antimicrob Agents Chemother" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "48" "paginaInicial" => "1921" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15155180" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Antibiotic therapy for cat-scratch disease: clinical study of therapeutic outcome in 268 patients and a review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A.M. Margileth" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatr Infect Dis J" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "474" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1608685" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/2529993X/0000004000000009/v1_202211040615/S2529993X22002076/v1_202211040615/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "63560" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Diagnosis at first sight" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/2529993X/0000004000000009/v1_202211040615/S2529993X22002076/v1_202211040615/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2529993X22002076?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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