Editorial
Proposing the change of name of viruela del mono (monkeypox) in Spanish to viruela M
Proponiendo el cambio de denominación de la viruela del mono (Mpox) en español a viruela M
Francisco Javier Membrillo de Novalesa,
, Jaime García Iglesiasb, Miriam Álvarezc, Luis E. Cuellard, María Eugenia Gutiérrez-Pimentele, Alexis M. Holguinf, Virgilio Lezcanog, Susana Lloverash, Mariella Raijmakersi, Iván Arturo Rodríguez Sabogalj, Adriana Sucarik, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Moralesl, on behalf of the Latin American Alliance for Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (ALEIMC)
Corresponding author
a Unidad NRBQ-Infecciosas, Hospital Central de la Defensa "Gómez Ulla". Madrid, España. Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Madrid, Spain
b Centre for Biomedicine, Self and Society, Universidad de Edimburgo, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
c Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clinic, ISGlobal, Universidad de Barcelona, Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Barcelona, Spain
d Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Asociación Panamericana de Infectología, Lima, Peru
e Hospital José Domingo de Obaldía, Asociación Centroamericana y del Caribe de Infectología (ACENCAI), Panamá
f Sociedad Peruana de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Lima, Perú
g Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Sociedad Paraguaya de Infectología, Asunción, Paraguay
h Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Sociedad Argentina de Infectología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
i Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Sociedad Chilena de Infectología. Santiago, Chile
j Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro, Antioquía, Colombia, Asociacion Colombiana de Infectología, Colombia
k Laboratorio de Ensayos Microbiológicos, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Asociación Argentina de Microbiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
l Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Medicina del Viajero, Peru
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Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Centre for Biomedicine, Self and Society, Universidad de Edimburgo, Edinburgh, United Kingdom" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Clinic, ISGlobal, Universidad de Barcelona, Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica, Barcelona, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] 3 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Asociación Panamericana de Infectología, Lima, Peru" "etiqueta" => "d" "identificador" => "aff0020" ] 4 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital José Domingo de Obaldía, Asociación Centroamericana y del Caribe de Infectología (ACENCAI), Panamá" "etiqueta" => "e" "identificador" => "aff0025" ] 5 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sociedad Peruana de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Lima, Perú" "etiqueta" => "f" "identificador" => "aff0030" ] 6 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Sociedad Paraguaya de Infectología, Asunción, Paraguay" "etiqueta" => "g" "identificador" => "aff0035" ] 7 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital F.J. Muñiz, Sociedad Argentina de Infectología, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "h" "identificador" => "aff0040" ] 8 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau, Sociedad Chilena de Infectología. Santiago, Chile" "etiqueta" => "i" "identificador" => "aff0045" ] 9 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro, Antioquía, Colombia, Asociacion Colombiana de Infectología, Colombia" "etiqueta" => "j" "identificador" => "aff0050" ] 10 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Ensayos Microbiológicos, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Asociación Argentina de Microbiología, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "k" "identificador" => "aff0055" ] 11 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Perú, Sociedad Latinoamericana de Medicina del Viajero, Peru" "etiqueta" => "l" "identificador" => "aff0060" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Proponiendo el cambio de denominación de la viruela del mono (Mpox) en español a viruela M" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beyond their physiopathology, diseases are linguistic and cultural realities: recognizing and naming groups of pathogens, symptoms, and processes as a disease is a social process with profound implications.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The way we refer to a disease has practical effects: it influences access to treatments, identity formation, or the economic support received. For this reason, today we are reflecting on the need to adopt the term “viruela M” (Mpox) to refer, in Spanish, to the disease caused by the monkeypox virus, currently called “viruela del mono” (monkeypox) or “viruela símica” (simian pox).</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In May 2022, an outbreak of mpox with community transmission began in countries of the globalized North, associated with clade IIb. This led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern in July 2022.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Mpox was previously endemic in Central and East African countries, with occasional imported cases in the rest of the world.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> This situation was coupled with the disproportionate impact of the epidemic on gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) and on African American and Hispanic populations in countries such as the United States and Spain,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> and Hispanic communities globally.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Overall, this led to the emergence of disinformation and hate speech, including homophobic, racist, and stigmatizing messages, primarily on social media. The impact of disinformation and hate was global.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In November 2022, the WHO, after consulting with global experts, proposed changing the name of “monkeypox” to “mpox” in English.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> The WHO did not provide instructions regarding the naming of the disease in other languages. As a result, in Spanish the terms “viruela del mono” (monkey pox) in Spain and Latin America, and “viruela símica” (simian pox) in Latin America, remain in use. A search on the Google.com search engine conducted on August 24, 2024, yielded a total of 18.3 million results for the term “viruela del mono” since November 2023, when the period of transition to the new name (mpox) set by WHO ended. The term “viruela símica” yielded a total 2.8 million results. The term “mpox” yielded 10,1 million results. Findings were similar in other browsers, and this diversity of nomenclature was also found in the official websites of several Spanish-speaking countries. This inconsistency generates a heterogeneity in scientific communication and the dissemination of information to the public.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">On August 14, 2024, the WHO declared a new Public Health Emergency of International Concern due to the increase in cases of clade Ib virus in several African countries.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9,10</span></a> Once again, we have observed the spread of disinformation and hate speech on Spanish-language social media, targeting racialized individuals and GBMSM. In Spanish, the terms “mono” (monkey) or “simio” (simian) are sometimes used in a derogatory manner to refer to people of African descent in Spain or indigenous origin in some countries in Latin America.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> These discourses, which antagonize and stigmatize the communities most vulnerable to the disease, are intertwined with racist and homophobic narratives about the origins and transmission of diseases such as HIV and COVID-19.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For these reasons, the Latin American Alliance of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology (Alianza Latinoamericana de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clinica, ALEIMC), and experts in social science, propose changing the Spanish name “viruela del mono” to “viruela M.” This term would help to combat the stigmatization of the disease in some Spanish-speaking countries, as well as to unify the terminology internationally. Unification of terminology will not only generate the benefits discussed above, but will also help to consistently index articles based on keywords, facilitating the identification of relevant literature in the future.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This change of name is important and must be accompanied by internationally coordinated political actions that are guided by justice and equality and developed in collaboration with the people and communities most affected by the viruela M. In line with this, it is essential that healthcare systems in Latin American countries prioritize access to vaccines for communities most vulnerable to this virus and guarantee quality healthcare, allowing for early diagnosis and effective, non-stigmatizing, management of viruela M. Likewise, the Scientific Societies of ALEIMC are committed to contribute to the response to this public health emergency, both by carrying out outreach activities to educate the population and through academic activities that update and train medical personnel in our countries in best practices to manage this disease.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:12 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The birth of the clinic; an archaeology of medical perception" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. 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