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Inicio Enfermería Clínica Venopunción en Urgencias Pediátricas mediante método de Distracción con Apeg...
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Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 369-376 (September - October 2024)
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Vol. 34. Issue 5.
Pages 369-376 (September - October 2024)
Original
Venopunción en Urgencias Pediátricas mediante método de Distracción con Apego Koala: ensayo clínico aleatorizado
Venipuncture in pediatric emergency department by using Koala Attachment distraction method: randomized clinical trial
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Iria Quintela-Sánchez
Corresponding author
imquintela@salud.aragon.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Nieves Gasca-Roche, Tania Fernández-Merino, Laura Larena-Fernández, María López-Cabrejas, Josep Oriol Casanovas-Marsal
Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España
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Abstract
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Tabla 1. Análisis de las variables a estudio distribuidas por GCO y GIN
Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar, comparar y relacionar el dolor y estrés del niño en la venopunción mediante el método Distracción con Apego Koala (DAK) y método de contención física y evaluar el nivel de ansiedad percibido por los acompañantes en ambos grupos.

Método

Ensayo clínico aleatorio simple ciego controlado en dos brazos (grupo control [GCO] e intervención [GIN]) realizado en el Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas de un hospital universitario de tercer nivel. Las variables de estudio fueron dolor y estrés del niño y ansiedad percibida por los acompañantes en ambos grupos en el momento previo y durante la técnica. Se usó la escala de valoración del dolor Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC); la escala de estrés de Groningen y el cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado/Rasgo (STAI).

Resultados

Un total de 113 participantes entre tres y cuatro años participaron en el ensayo (n=113). El 50% (55) fueron niñas, media de edad total 3,83±0,59 años y acompañantes 37,17±6,96. Durante la técnica la media de dolor en GCO y GIN fue de 5,64±3,30 y 3,87±3,01; de estrés, 3,25±1,22 y 2,67±1,24, respectivamente. No se hallaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la valoración de la ansiedad entre los grupos.

Conclusiones

Los pacientes sometidos a venopunción mediante el método DAK presentan un nivel de dolor y estrés inferior a aquellos que recibieron contención física y la ansiedad percibida por el acompañante es similar en ambos grupos.

Palabras clave:
Flebotomía
Manejo del dolor
Estrés psicológico
Servicio de Urgencias en Hospital
Niño
Abstract
Objective

To assess, compare and relate the toddler's pain and anxiety during venipuncture by using either the Koala Attachment Distraction method or the physical restraint method and to evaluate the level of anxiety perceived by the companions in both groups.

Method

Randomised, single-blind, controlled clinical trial in two arms (control and intervention group) conducted in the paediatric emergency department of a tertiary university hospital. The study variables were pain and stress of the child and anxiety perceived by the accompanying persons in both groups at the time before and during the technique. The pain rating scale Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability; the Groningen stress scale and the STAI questionnaire were used.

Results

A total of 113 participants aged 3 to 4 years participated in the trial (n=113). 50% (55) were girls, mean total age 3.83±0.59 years and accompanying persons 37.17±6.96. During the technique the mean pain in control and intervention groups was 5.64±3.30 and 3.87±3.01; stress, 3.25±1.22 and 2.67±1.24, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in the assessment of anxiety between the groups.

Conclusions

Patients who underwent the Koala Attachment Distraction method venipuncture show a lower level of pain and anxiety than those who received physical restraint, and the anxiety perceived by the companion is similar in both groups.

Keywords:
Phlebotomy
Pain Management
Stress Psychological
Emergency Service Hospital
Child

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